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Essay about Jane Eyre The Effect of a Patriarchal Society

Charlotte Brontà « composed her novel Jane Eyre during the Victorian era; a period of history where Patriarchy set the expectations of men and women. The effect of this social system resulted in women suffering discrimination simply because of their gender. Sigmund Freud, in his essay entitled, â€Å"The Relation of the Poet to Day-Dreaming,† articulated that women were only capable of having erotic wishes dominate their â€Å"phantasies,† and even their ambitious â€Å"phantasies† were rooted in erotic wishes (177). The predominating thought concerning women during this era was that, due to their nature, longed to marry—tending to the needs of her household. Those who were not fortunate enough to marry (due to appearance or social status) were to become†¦show more content†¦Though Mr. Reed had passed away, his son, John Reed, understood the expectations bestowed upon him, and he frequently asserted his patriarchal dominance. When Jane had become accustomed to the abuse delivered by John, he took the liberty of expressing his right of being the patriarch of the family when he proclaimed to Jane that the entire house belonged to him (Eyre, 8). The ensuing fight resulted in Jane being sent to her uncle’s bedroom, and while being tended to by Miss Abbot, Jane was informed that she was below the level of a servant, for she did â€Å"‘nothing to earn her keep’† (9). Being a woman during the Victorian era was hard. However, being an indigent girl was even worse. Continuing with the expectations of an economically disadvantaged girl, Jane was sent to a charity school. Mr. Brocklehurst, the clergyman who runs the school, introduces Jane to another approach men take to demonstrate their superiority, self-righteousness. During their first meeting, Jane states that she doesn’t find the book of Psalms â€Å"interesting† and Mr. Brocklehurst responds â€Å"‘that proves you have a wicked he art’† (27). In addition to Mr. Brocklehurst’s self-righteous behavior—a supposed man of God—Brontà « allows Jane (as well as the reader) to experience an alternative method of exerting male dominance under the guise of religion. St. John, a cousin to Jane, frequently uses his position as aShow MoreRelatedHow Does Jasper Fforde s The Eyre Affair Testify?1419 Words   |  6 PagesHow does Jasper Fforde’s The Eyre Affair testify to the importance of reading in the formation of one’s self-identity? Many aspects contribute to the formation of a person’s self-identity. Whether it be their surroundings, their culture, their language, or even other’s personal identities, they all shape one’s perception of the world, the self-imposed rules surrounding them, and where they believe they belong within it. This world is encompassed with stories, and they contribute to the fabricationRead MoreSexism in Jane Eyre1870 Words   |  8 Pages The social system of the Victorian era was one that was heavily influenced by the patriarchal right of men. This social construct favored men while forcing women into submission. Sigmund Freud, in his essay entitled â€Å"The Relation of the Poet to Day-Dreaming,† articulated that women were considered capable only of having erotic wishes that dominated their â€Å"phantasies† and that even their ambitious â€Å"phantasies† were rooted in erotic wishes (177). The prevailing thought concerning women during theRe ad MoreSummary Of The Tale 1386 Words   |  6 PagesBluebeard has various versions about its original inspirational story. 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With the relati onships Jane has to the characters including Helen Burns, Miss Temple and Blanche Ingram, Brontà « gives her criticisms of the restrictions that these expected genderRead MoreFeminism In Jane Eyre1729 Words   |  7 Pagesthe central themes in many amazing works of literature. This concept represents feminine independence and self-esteem in a male-dominated society. One of the famous authors who convey this idea is Charlotte Brontà « especially in her best-selling novel Jane Eyre in which she discusses the social background of the Victorian society and its effect on women. What society teaches women is not always right; it is up to women to rely on their moral senses to take the proper path for their actions. During theRead MoreCharlotte Bronte: The Social Critic1732 Words   |  7 Pageswere left stranded at airports, in shock of the sudden eruption that had such a catastrophic effect on both Europe and the rest of the world. Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre had a similar effect upon the mindset of Victorian society, as its publication ended the silence on social justice and set off an ‘eruption’, leading to sweeping reforms. The novel revolves around the moral and spiritual journey of Jane Eyre, an orphan who values freedom and struggles to break free of Victorian-era standards. Brontà «Read MoreFreedom For A Woman Of Empire883 Words   |  4 Pageslived very different lives, and their path, and reasoning for marriage varied. One variable in their decision to marry remained constant; In order to attain freedom, one must have the financial means for independence. Olivia, Jane, and, Lyndall, enter into the patriarchal institution of marriage because they essentially have no other option. However, all three heroines enter and/or exit the institution of marriage on their own terms, which situates them as the dominant participant in the marriagesRead MoreJane Eyre And Of Mice And Men2621 Words   |  11 PagesExplore how women are presented in ‘Jane Eyre’ and ‘Of Mice and Men’ Brontà « and Steinbeck are arguably two of the most prominent writers in English literature, parted by a ninety year time span and a difference in pre occupations, which could be due to their difference in gender. Jane Eyre and Curley’s wife are two of most different characters but similarly both used drive the plot. Both characters struggle to fit into society; Jane is belittled by her Aunt Reed and being kept apart from the otherRead MoreEssay about Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre an3613 Words   |  15 PagesHow and why are selected canonical texts re-written by female authors? Answer with close reference to Charlotte Bronte#8217;s Jane Eyre and Jean Rhys#8217;s Wide Sargasso Sea. The Sargasso Sea is a relatively still sea, lying within the south-west zone of the North Atlantic Ocean, at the centre of a swirl of warm ocean currents. Metaphorically, for Jean Rhys, it represented an area of calm, within the wide division between England and the West Indies. Within such an area, a sense of stabilityRead More Comparing the Quest for Self in Jane Eyre and Villete Essay3561 Words   |  15 PagesQuest for Self in Jane Eyre and Villete      Ã‚   Why is Villette so disagreeable? Because the writers mind contains nothing but hunger, rebellion and rage. Matthew Arnold, 1853.    Matthew Arnold was certainly forthcoming about the defects of both Charlotte Brontes   mind and of her novel. Indeed he was not alone in his reaction to her; Anne   Mozley in The Christian Remembrancer ;in April 1853 wrote in reaction to   Brontes other great work of rebellion, Jane Eyre, that she had

Quiz Answer Essay Example For Students

Quiz Answer Essay MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (MDI) NMP-XIII CORPORATE FINANCE FOR ENHANCING VALUE (First Quiz) (Open book) Time Allowed: 10 minutes MM: 6 Note: Attempt all the questions. All questions carry equal marks. Correct answers should be marked by darkening the circles in the answer sheet provided. 1. The primary goal of a publicly-owned firm interested in serving its stockholders should be to: a. Maximize expected total corporate profit. b. Maximize expected EPS. c. Minimize the chances of losses. d. Maximize the stock price per share. e. Maximize expected net income. 2. Assume that you plan to buy a share of XYZ stock today and to hold it for 2 years. Your expectations are that you will not receive a dividend at the end of Year 1, but you will receive a dividend of Rs. 9. 25 at the end of Year 2. In addition, you expect to sell the stock for Rs. 150 at the end of Year 2. If your expected rate of return is 16 percent, how much should you be willing to pay for this stock today? a. 164. 19 b. 75. 29 c. 107. 53 d. 118. 35 e. 131. 74 Step-wise Solution to Q. No. 2: Stock price = = = Rs. 118. 35. 3. Gomez Electronics needs to arrange financing for its expansion program. Bank A offers to lend Gomez the required funds on a loan where interest must be paid monthly, and the quoted rate is 8 percent. Bank B will charge 9 percent, with interest due at the end of the year. What is the difference in the effective annual rates charged by the two banks? a. 0. 25% b. 0. 50% c. 0. 70% d. 1. 00% e. 1. 25% Step-wise Solution to Q. No. 3: Effective annual rate: Bank A:8%, monthly. EARA = = = 8. 30%. Bank B:9%, interest due at end of year EARB = 9%. 9. 00% 8. 30% = 0. 70%. 4. You are given the following cash flows. What is the present value (t = 0) if the discount rate is 12 percent? 012%123456Periods ||||||| 012,0002,0002,0000-2,000 a. Rs. 3,277 b. Rs. 4,804 c. Rs. 5,302 d. Rs. 4,289 e. Rs. 2,804 Solution to Q. No. 4: Discount rate | 0. 12| Â  | Â  | Year| Cash Flows| PV factor| PV of Cash Flows| 0| 0| 1| 0| 1| 1| 0. 8929| 0. 8929| 2| 2000| 0. 7972| 1594. 3878| 3| 2000| 0. 7118| 1423. 5605| 4| 2000| 0. 6355| 1271. 0362| 5| 0| 0. 5674| 0. 0000| 6| -2000| 0. 5066| -1013. 2622| | Â  | Â  | 3277| 5. Foster Industries has a project which has the following cash flows: YearCash Flow -Rs. 300. 00 1 100. 00 2 125. 43 3 90. 12 4 ? What cash flow will the project have to generate in the fourth year in order for the project to have a 15% rate of return? a. Rs. 15. 55 b. Rs. 58. 95 c. Rs. 100. 25 d. Rs. 103. 10 e. Rs. 150. 75 Solution to Q. No. 5: Value of missing cash flow = PV = -Rs. 300 + (Rs. 100) (0. 8696) + (Rs. 125. 43) (0. 7561) + (Rs. 90. 12)(0. 6575) PV = -Rs. 58. 95. Now, solve for CF4: Rs. 58. 95 (1. 15)4 = Rs. 103. 10. Financial calculator solution: Enter the first 4 cash flows, enter I = 15, and solve for NPV = Rs. 58. 945. The future value of Rs. 58. 45 will be the required cash flow. PV = -58. 945; N = 4; I/YR = 15; PMT = 0; solve for FV = Rs. 103. 10. 6. You deposited Rs. 1,000 in a savings account that pays 8 percent interest, compounded quarterly, planning to use it to finish your last year in college. Eighteen months later, you decide to go to the Rocky Mountains to become a ski instructor rather than continue in school, so you close out your account. How much money will you receive? a. Rs. 1,171 b. Rs. 1,126 c. Rs. 1,082 d. Rs. 1,163 e. Rs. 1,008 Solution to Q. No. 6: Time Line: 02% 1 2 3 4 5 6 + + ++-+-+ -1,000FV =? Numerical solution: FV = Rs. 1, 000(1. 026) = Rs. 1, 000(1. 1262) = Rs. 1, 126. 20 = Rs. 1, 126 (rounded off). Financial calculator solution: Inputs: N = 6; I = 2; PV = -1,000; PMT = 0. Output: FV = Rs. 1, 126. 16 = Rs. 1, 126(rounded off). 7. Assume that you will receive Rs. 2,000 a year in Years 1 through 5, Rs. 3,000 a year in Years 6 through 8, and Rs. 4,000 in Year 9, with all cash flows to be received at the end of the year. If you require a 14 percent rate of return, what is the present value of these cash flows? a. Rs. ,851 b. Rs. 13,250 c. Rs. 11,714 d. Rs. 15,129 e. Rs. 17,353 Solution to Q. No. 7: Time Line: 014%1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Yrs +-++++-++-++ PV =? 2,0002,0002,0002,0002,0003,0003,0003,0004,000 Numerical solution: PV = Rs. 2,000((1-(1/1. 145))/. 14) + Rs. 3,000( )+ Rs. 4,000(1. 149)= Rs. 2,000(3. 4331) + Rs. 3,000(2. 3216)(0. 5194) + Rs. 4,000(0. 3075) = Rs. 6,866. 20 + Rs. 3,617. 52 + Rs. 1,230. 00 = Rs. 11,713. 72 = Rs. 11,714 (rounded off). Financial calculator solution: Using cash flows .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753 , .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753 .postImageUrl , .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753 , .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753:hover , .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753:visited , .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753:active { border:0!important; } .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753:active , .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753 .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc59beeeb23f1ed10119e80d7109d1753:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Investigation into Proposals for the Superstructure of a Building EssayInputs: CF0 = 0; CF1 = 2,000; Nj = 5; CF2 = 3,000; Nj = 3; CF3 = 4,000; I = 14. Output: NPV = Rs. 11, 713. 54 = Rs. 11, 714 (rounded off). 8. A zero coupon bond is a bond that a. Pays interest at maturity b. Is issued at par and redeemed at par c. Provides compensation to the investors in the form of capital appreciation. d. Is also termed as deep discount bond e. Both c and d 9. If the yield curve is downward sloping, what is the yield to maturity on a 10-year Treasury coupon bond, relative to that on a 1-year T-bond? a. The yield on the 10-year bond is less than the yield on a 1-year bond. b. The yield on a 10-year bond will always be higher than the yield on a 1-year bond because of maturity premiums. c. It is impossible to tell without knowing the coupon rates of the bonds. d. The yields on the two bonds are equal. e. It is impossible to tell without knowing the relative risks of the two bonds. 10. If the discount (or interest) rate is positive, the present value of an expected series of payments will always exceed the future value of the same series. a. True b. False 11. If a bank uses quarterly compounding for savings accounts, the nominal rate will be greater than the effective annual rate. . True b. False 12. Which of the following is most correct? a. The present value of a 5-year annuity due will exceed the present value of a 5-year ordinary annuity. (Assume that both annuities pay Rs. 100 per period and there is no chance of default. ) b. If a loan has a nominal rate of 10 percent, then the effective rate can never be less than 10 percent. c. If there is annual co mpounding, then the effective, periodic, and nominal rates of interest are all the same. d. Answers a and c are correct. e. All of the answers above are correct.

Proctor confess Essay Example

Proctor confess Paper The inevitability of Proctors death is reinforced when Danforth orders Elizabeth to the court. Elizabeth must admit to firing Abigail for having an affair with her husband, so that Abby can be charged with murder but instead she says that she fired Abigail because she thought that her husband fancied her and therefore tells the court that Proctor never committed adultery. She did this because she thought she was protecting her husband, which expresses the deep loves between them but somehow dooms her husband as he is then charged and the audience still feel he will not lie to save himself. Elizabeth denying her husbands affair is also ironic as to save him from accusations of witchcraft, she has to condemn him for adultery. Miller has already shown she is an honest woman who never lies, but at the time where her honesty is needed the most she chooses to lie. Proctor cries out for Elizabeth to tell the truth because he has already confessed, but Danforth orders Elizabeth to leave. This shows her strength of character and how she really cares for her husband, as she is only willing to lie for loved ones and not to save her own skin. We will write a custom essay sample on Proctor confess specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Proctor confess specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Proctor confess specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer John Proctor also has an extremely strong and sensible character as is easily aware of the foolishness and wickedness. He is aware of the stupidity of the witchcraft trials and also aware of how wicked Abigail is. Abigails simple, vengeful, malicious motives are easily seen by the audience and the Proctors but are difficult for the other members of Salem to see. For that reason and many others, John Proctor is an extremely well respected, influential member of the village; he is a good example. Proctor is the voice of reason and justice in The Crucible. He is a good man but because of his affair with Abigail Williams, he questions whether or not he is a moral man, yet this major sin is the only big fault he has had. Miller places John Proctor as the main protagonist of the play, as he is the main moral character. He is a rational man with a rough manner who seems not to care about expressing his own true opinion. Miller portrays Proctor as quite a modern man, who is not superstitious and shows that he has doubt in some of the aspects of orthodox religion, mainly he hates Parris hypocritical fascination with hell. He symbolises humanity in the play, he is someone who has made mistakes and learned from them, this draws the audiences sympathy to him, even if he is a sinner who has had an affair. The true character of Proctor that Miller portrays towards the end of The Crucible hardly seems capable of giving in to lust for a controlling, wicked young girl like Abigail. Abigails wickedness is revealed in further depth when she dramatically claims that Mary Warrens spirit is attacking her as a bird, trying to hurt her. Even when Mary Warren begins to cry she continues expresses just how cruel and heartless she is. The trials started because so many people were breaking the orthodox rules of the puritan religion and sinning but Abby sins so easily and breaks the Ten Commandments by lying, in this way she can use religion to her advantage. Abby is such a deceptive hypocrite, just the type of person Proctor hates most which seems to make it unbelievable that Proctor ever got mixed up with her. Proctor mistakenly overestimated Mary Warren as he underestimated Abigail as he felt that Mary Warren was strong enough to not give in to the spiteful treatment from Abby. He was wrong as even when Mary Warren tries to tell the court that the girls are lying, she soon breaks down and tells Danforth that Proctor is the Devils man, and that he made her sign the Devils book and made her try to overthrow the court. He strongly believes in justice and cries out that God is dead and that a fire is burning in Hell because the court is pulling Heaven down and raising up a whore. This expresses his care for truth, integrity, and most importantly God. The court officials feel terribly guilty after Proctor has been taken away as they know that he strongly cares for the truth and now know that the accusations of witchcraft are all lies, as a result of these lies an innocent mans life may end. They ask Elizabeth to plea with him and ask him to reconsider admitting to witchcraft so his life will therefore be spared, expressing the great respect outsiders from the claustrophobic village of Salem have for him, which was very unusual as the society was so close and confined. When he is brought in to see his wife; he looks filthy and pitiful and has suffered a lot, including being tortured. This expresses his strength and willing to do what is moral and just. He does not talk about the pain and persecution he has suffered and asks about Elizabeths pregnancy and the boys which shows how he puts his family before himself and how much he deeply cares for them as he is willing to go through so much for them. The key test for Proctor is if he will allow himself to suffer yet more pain for the cause of justice or if he will choose to save himself. It is considered if it is a worse to lie to save yourself or if it is worse to tell the truth even if it leads to your death. Miller shows that Proctor can choose to face his death for his pride and his beliefs, as it is not a question only of his reputation, but it also about the reputation of his family. He feels he could not be a good father to his children if he gave up his name to save himself so easily. He does not wish to admit to witchcraft as he wants to hold up the family name, he is such a well respected man and he wants to keep that respect by doing what is right and not continuing the accusations which have caused so much misery already. He asks Elizabeth what she would think if he confessed to witchcraft, but Elizabeth says that she cannot judge him. She says that she will have him do what he wishes, but she does want him alive. He says that he cannot mount the gibbet as a saint; for it would be a fraud but she says that she has her own sins, for only a cold wife would let her husband have an affair. This shows how brave both of them are as they know the consequences of not admitting to the accusations and illustrates just how much Proctor cares about, not only his, but his familys name. Proctors concern about upholding the family name is emphasised more when Proctor finally says that he will confess to witchery, as he asks Elizabeth once again if what he is doing is evil but she answers that she cannot judge. Proctors strength and bravery lead to the conclusion that he is strong enough to face his own death by not admitting to witchcraft. His great indecisiveness and hesitation in admitting to the charge also further helps to create the audiences belief in his inevitable death. However, Proctors hesitancy gives a false sense of hope to the audience as it is believed that such a good, decent mans life will not end because of the wickedness of one young girl. Nevertheless, tension is added and the audience return to feeling that John Proctors death will be inevitable as when the court officials demand a written confession, he demands to know why he must sign. They want him to sign to show the people in the rest of the village, who will not confess, what they should do and to prove the purity of his soul to others. This shows how the rest of the village looks up to and respects him, its a weighty name; it will strike the village that Proctor confess. However, he is an extremely proud man, I have given you my soul, now leave me my name. He feels that he has confessed to God and that that is enough, further expressing his faith in God. The officials also ask him to say that he saw other people with the devil therefore accusing them of witchery. He wants to know if his regret must be public and asks how he can teach his children to walk like men if he has sold his friends. Proctor wishes to keep only his name for the respectability of his children and consequently Danforth refuses to accept his confession and orders that he is to be hanged. He will not even lie to save his life even though he knows his death will not be justified. Elizabeth is begged to plead with Proctor to sign a confession, but Elizabeth states that Proctor has his goodness now, and God forbid that she take it from him showing her great self-control and willpower. Elizabeth shows the sense to do what is right and wrong but by doing this Proctor is faced with the dilemma of accepting his own death, causing bringing shame on his family name even though everyone around him wants him to stay alive. Elizabeth is finally shown not to be a cold woman; she refuses to try to influence her husband and even admits her faults, accepting some bit of the blame for her husbands affair. It shows that she can overcome her problems as she does not run and leave her husband when she discovered the affair. She is also quite fragile here showing the strong emotions and clear compassion she has towards her husband. Elizabeth shows great strength of mind and generally as a person. She eventually forgives him for the sins he has committed and knows that he is now faithful as he is willing to give so much up for her. She is extremely strong as she lets her husband do what is right even if it means she will never see him again. She also shows strength and bravery as her execution is left looming for another year until after she has given birth to her baby and will never get to see the child grow up. Miller emphasises Proctors strength and courage in the way he presents Proctor as a martyr as he died for the cause of justice and for what is right. His bravery and courage in the event of his death lets his amazing strength of character show and creates not only the audiences respect for him but also the respect of the villagers of Salem. Even outsiders of the village such as Hale and Danforth have admiration for him, as he is willing to give his life for the cause of justice. He is extremely emotional and is extremely concerned about holding up the respect of the family name and reputation, both illustrate his deep love for his wife, you are a marvel, Elizabeth and his love for his children. He also knows he will never even get to see his baby grow up. These strong characteristics of his personality make his death and the ending of the play unavoidable. This inevitability is clear, as there are certain aspects of his character that will not let him stand and let his name be disrespected and to go against his main beliefs and integrity. He does not believe in blackening his name for the sake of survival and overcomes adversity by not giving in to the pressures of society, which ultimately ends in death. It is this untimely death that cleanses him from all of his past sins and lets his once true, hidden character shine; the true character of a moral, honourable, well respected man.

Free Essays on One Hell Of A Night

One Hell of a Night I have never felt the action of my heart falling into my stomach, until the night of June 3, 2001. It was around three o'clock in the morning and I was waiting up for my girlfriend, Tracy, to get off of work. She was a bartender at a night club in Philadelphia, called Maui and she would always call me as she was leaving. She needed someone to talk to her on the ride home, since it was almost 50 minutes long. Tonight was like any other night, she called and we talked about how her night went, how much money she made, gossip at work, etc. Like any other night, her night was horrible. The people who frequently went there were rude and didn't tip well. After dealing with uneducated jerks, the ride home talking to me was a blessing. She would finally be able to relax after serving people drinks for over six hours straight. About ten minutes after we got on the phone, I heard a quick intake of breath, a loud boom, a brief period of silence, and then my girlfriend screaming. It was the worst scream I have ever heard in my entire life, a scream of pain, a scream of complete human pain. And it was coming from the love of my life, the woman I wanted to spend the rest of my life with. That is the moment when I felt my heart fall into the depths of my stomach. After a few minutes she stopped screaming and I had no idea what had happened. Frantically I repeated her name over and over, until finally I heard her reply. As she sobbed into the phone, she told me that she had gotten into a car accident and the driver who hit her had taken off. The driver blew a red light and hit her on the drivers’ side door, totaling her car. Luckily the airbags were deployed and she was wearing her seatbelt. She kept repeating how much her arm hurt, and how she couldn't move it. Since no one was around, I told her to call 911, and to call me back right away. I hung up the phone with her and began my quest for a ride. ... Free Essays on One Hell Of A Night Free Essays on One Hell Of A Night One Hell of a Night I have never felt the action of my heart falling into my stomach, until the night of June 3, 2001. It was around three o'clock in the morning and I was waiting up for my girlfriend, Tracy, to get off of work. She was a bartender at a night club in Philadelphia, called Maui and she would always call me as she was leaving. She needed someone to talk to her on the ride home, since it was almost 50 minutes long. Tonight was like any other night, she called and we talked about how her night went, how much money she made, gossip at work, etc. Like any other night, her night was horrible. The people who frequently went there were rude and didn't tip well. After dealing with uneducated jerks, the ride home talking to me was a blessing. She would finally be able to relax after serving people drinks for over six hours straight. About ten minutes after we got on the phone, I heard a quick intake of breath, a loud boom, a brief period of silence, and then my girlfriend screaming. It was the worst scream I have ever heard in my entire life, a scream of pain, a scream of complete human pain. And it was coming from the love of my life, the woman I wanted to spend the rest of my life with. That is the moment when I felt my heart fall into the depths of my stomach. After a few minutes she stopped screaming and I had no idea what had happened. Frantically I repeated her name over and over, until finally I heard her reply. As she sobbed into the phone, she told me that she had gotten into a car accident and the driver who hit her had taken off. The driver blew a red light and hit her on the drivers’ side door, totaling her car. Luckily the airbags were deployed and she was wearing her seatbelt. She kept repeating how much her arm hurt, and how she couldn't move it. Since no one was around, I told her to call 911, and to call me back right away. I hung up the phone with her and began my quest for a ride. ...

Robert Frosts Acquainted With the Night

Robert Frost's 'Acquainted With the Night' Robert Frost, the quintessential New England poet, was actually born thousands of miles away in San Francisco. When he was very young, his father died and his mother moved with him and his sister to Lawrence, Massachusetts, and it was there where his roots in New England were first planted. He went to school at Dartmouth and Harvard universities but did not earn a degree and then worked as a teacher and editor. He and his wife went to England in 1912, and there Frost connected with Ezra Pound, who helped Frost get his work published. In 1915 Frost  returned to the U.S. with two published volumes under his belt and an established following. The poet Daniel Hoffman wrote in 1970 in a review of The Poetry of Robert Frost:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"He became a national celebrity, our nearly official poet laureate, and a great performer in the tradition of that earlier master of the literary vernacular, Mark Twain.† Frost read his poem The Gift Outright at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in January 1961 at the request of Kennedy. A Terza Rima Sonnet Robert Frost wrote a number of  sonnets - examples include Mowing and â€Å"The Oven Bird.†   These poems are called sonnets because they have 14 lines of iambic pentameter and a rhyme scheme, but they do not exactly conform to the traditional octet-sestet structure of the Petrarchan sonnet or the three-quatrains-and-a-couplet shape of the Shakespearean sonnet. â€Å"Acquainted With the Night† is an interesting variation among Frost’s sonnet-type poems because it is written in terza rima- four three-line stanzas rhymed aba bcb cdc dad, with a closing couplet rhymed aa. Urban Loneliness Acquainted With the Night† stands out among Frost’s poems because it is a poem of city solitude. Unlike his pastoral poems, which speak to us through images of the natural world, this poem has an urban setting: â€Å"I have looked down the saddest city lane...... an interrupted cryCame over houses from another street...† Even the moon is described as if it were a part of the manmade city environment: â€Å"... at an unearthly height,One luminary clock against the sky...† And unlike his dramatic narratives, which tease out the meanings in encounters among multiple characters, this poem is a soliloquy, spoken by a single lonely voice, a man who is quite alone and encounters only the darkness of night. What Is the Night? You might say â€Å"the night† in this poem is the speaker’s loneliness and isolation. You might say it is depression. Or knowing that Frost often wrote of tramps or bums, you might say it represents their homelessness, like Frank Lentricchia, who called the poem â€Å" Frost’s quintessential dramatic lyric of homelessness.† The poem uses the two lines forward/one line back form of terza rima to realize the sad, aimless gait of the hobo who has â€Å"outwalked the furthest city light† into the lonely darkness.

Healthcare Finance and Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthcare Finance and Accounting - Essay Example Seven categories of operating indicators are profitability, price, length of stay, volume, intensity of service, input cost, and efficiency. Both the financial statement analysis and the operating indicator analysis are significant tools because they allow managers to quantify different aspects of the performance of the company. There are several financial ratios that managers can use to assess the financial performance of a business entity. The current ratio is a liquidity ratio that can be used to determine the ability of a company to pay off its short term debt. The basic premise regarding this ratio is that ratios above 1.0 are good. The current ratio is calculated dividing current assets by current liabilities (Besley & Brigham, 2000). Another important ratio is return on assets. â€Å"Return on assets measures how well assets have been employed by management† (Garrison & Noreen, 2003, p. 784). Return on assets is calculated dividing net income by total sales. A third rat io that management can calculate to evaluate the efficiency of a company is the inventory turnover ratio. The inventory turnover ratio tells management how many times inventory has been sold during a year. A high inventory turnover ratio is the desirable outcome. ... al statement analysis is a very useful tool that can be used by managers to draw conclusions about the financial position of an enterprise, but despite its usefulness it also has limitations. One of the limitations of financial statement analysis is comparability of financial data. â€Å"Differences in accounting methods between companies sometimes make it difficult to compare the companies' financial data† (Accounting4management, 2012). An example of differences in accounting methods is the different depreciation methods such as LIFO, FIFO, and weighted average method. A second limitation of financial statement analysis is that it ignores the qualitative aspects of running a company and it does not show changes in the structure of the company (Independent-stock-investing, 2012). An asset can be defined as anything that has value that can be converted to cash (Millionaireacts, 2011). The assets of a company can be used for production purposes. In the retail world the goods ava ilable for sale are assets that can be resold to turn a profit. Goods at retail stores are categorize as inventory. There are different types of assets that are recognized in the accounting books of a company. The assets recognized in the balance sheet of a corporation are referred to as economic assets. Three categories of assets are non-financial produced assets, non-financial non produced assets, and financial assets (Europa). In the balance sheet two categories of assets are current assets and long term assets. Current assets are assets that can be converted to cash easily such as marketable securities and inventory. An example of a long term assets is machinery and equipment. A current asset can be defined as a balance sheet  account  that represents the value of all assets that

On time plz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On time plz - Essay Example Supervisors and managers are under the scope of responsibilities of HR professionals insofar as overseeing the accomplishment of their respective tasks in view of the overall accomplishment of organizational goals. A job is a group of positions having similar or related duties and responsibilities. The tasks and responsibilities of each group are distinctly different from those of other groups. (Martires 446) Before hiring workers, available jobs have to be classified and corresponding job information described mainly in terms of duties and responsibilities. The concept of culture in organization is critical since it influences the philosophy and practices of management which works through people. It is vital that managers understand the people’s values, beliefs, needs and motivation. Managing corporate culture is a skill which every top officer should learn since culture change is a complex and long process involving coordinated efforts by top leadership which is very visible to their subordinates. Executives must change their behavior and through role modeling send signals to their constituents. If the culture is not what the organization members want, it can be turned around to fit the mission and vision, strategy, structure, resources and technology of the organization. The well run corporations have developed cultures that are distinctive and responsible for creation, implementation and maintenance of their world leadership positions. In this regard, all phases of operations, strategy and staffing, and organizational culture have to be considered by human resources for the efficient and effective accomplishment of organizational goals. Part 4: You are the HR staffing specialist at a very successful 25 year old company that manufactures home entertainment products: HDTVs, home-theatre equipment, etc. The manager of the marketing division has just left

Eating Disorders Essay Example for Free

Eating Disorders Essay Eating disorders are devastating and harmful behavioral patterns that occur within people for numerous reasons. The three types of eating disorders I will be discussing include the three most common of the disorders: anorexia, bulimia, and compulsive overeating (known as binge eating). Though the disorders take physical damage on the body, they are not in fact physical illnesses. You cannot â€Å"catch† and eating disorder. Rather, they are mental issues that develop more frequently within females but do affect the male population somewhat as well. Eating disorders are very common in our culture many people have them or know someone who does. With our cultures unrealistic views on what is beautiful the supper skinny models that woman see everywhere makes many people think that they have to live up to those standards. Some people feel if they cannot be up to these standards that they are not good enough and this causes them to do things that a person in their normal state of mind would never do. When people starve themselves to like in anorexia they end up developing many different psychological problems and find excuses to keep up with their destructive habits. There are also people who are addicted to eating they use eating as a way to feel a void that they feel like they have. They lean to use eating as a cooping tool in turn they become obese then they use eating to deal with their depression which works as a double edged sword. What they love is what is destroying them physically as well as mentally. This can also be consi dered emotional eating this is eating when you’re angry, sad, or even anxious. Many cultures have different views as what is considered attractive these variables play a large part in what peoples diet habits are this can be seen in the magazines and television from the area to show what they culture is  expecting people to look like and what they are expected to eat. Women have been the main ones with eating disorders but men with them are on the rise this is due to the unrealistic thoughts on them as well. Men are more prone to work out more than what is really necessary that way they get lower body fat. Many men think the lower their body fat the better they are this can cause many other mental issues that were not originally perceived as a female problem. With the current changes in culture the rise in men having eating disorders will keep rising. Bulimia occurs with or without anorexia symptoms. Individuals with bulimia tend to binge eat then self induce vomiting. However, binge eating is sometimes not a component of bulimia. Individuals may eat normal a mounts, and then excuse themselves to the bathroom. Another common trait is the use of laxatives, diuretics, and enemas in thoughts that it will excrete those calories. Bulimics are not necessarily underweight. Some are even over weight if not at a normal weight, and they almost always have a swollen appearance to their stomachs. Compulsive overeating is a disorder in which individuals overeat, often using food as an addictive substance. As others may turn to alcohol, drugs, or gambling to alleviate stress, compulsive overeaters turn to food. Eating disorders can plague women, and men of any age. With treatment people can overcome eating disorders and regain a normal lifestyle. They of course will always struggle with their initial issues related to food, however the treatments can teach them and give them the strength to overcome the impulses.

Rich Dad Essay -- essays research papers

A true tale of two dads, one dad is a highly educated professor, the other, an eighth grade dropout. The educated dad left his family with nothing, except a few unpaid bills. The dropout later became one of Hawaii’s richest men and left his son a fortune. The educated dad would say, â€Å"I can’t afford it† while the other, asked, â€Å"How can I afford it?† Rich dad teaches the boys priceless lessons on money, by making them learn through experience. The most important lesson he teaches is to free yourself from the â€Å"rat race† of life and learn to make money work for you, and not be its slave. He knew that financial literacy would help prepare the boys for their life. Though one must have a job, Rich Dad taught the boys to eventually use your day job to begin minding your own business. The first lesson the two boys learned was that the rich do not work for money. One should work to learn, not make money. At age 9, Robert Kiyosaki and his best friend Mike asked Mike’s father to teach them how to make money. After 3 weeks of dusting cans in one of Rich Dad’s convenience stores at 10 cents a week, Kiyosaki was ready to quit. Rich Dad pointed out this is exactly what his employees sounded like. Some people quit a job because it doesn’t pay well. Others see it as an opportunity to learn something new. Next Rich Dad put the two boys to work, this time for nothing. Doing this forced them to think up a source of income, a business scheme. The opportunity came to them upon noticing ...

Everything Comes to Him Who Waits Essay

If there would be someone impatient would ask for my words of wisdom, these are the words I would say: everything is possible if you believe, if you pray for it, if you work for it and if you really mean it, then why think negative and act too impatient? For all things are possible if just God really permits it. Faith without work is dead, the bible says. There’s simple Filipino story and everybody in this room might have heard it. The story of Juan Tamad. This guy craves for something and didn’t move to have it though the guava was within his reach. He just waited and waited for it to fall into his hands. Well, expecting something from nothing is impossible. I mean to wait is to work. How could you sit back and relax when you have the wish in your heart? There’s a saying, â€Å"do your best and let God do the rest.† Most Filipinos are just expecting to receive something from their dead faith. Dead faith means, having faith without work. Resulting, disappointments and sometimes unbelief. When a person hoped for something and was disappointed, it’s more likely that he would forget God’s reasons in giving him his disappointment. If the thing you hope for is really for you, it will come at the right time. You just have to wait. If it didn’t, it wasn’t for you. God has his reasons for doing so and we knew that it’s always for the best.

Gender and the Media Essay

Socialisation is the way an identity is defined throughout life for a person. Children are seen a blank slate that is going to have a personality and roles set by the environment he lives in. A child generally has an idea on what gender they are by the time they are 2 years old. A boy will portray himself with the colour blue, would be very hyperactive and tend to bully girls. Females would be more mature, refer themselves to the colour pink and socialise with other girls, this is called primary socialisation. Personalities are defined through interactions with people that are close to them, there society’s values and they learn the attributes of their sex at a young age and they know what is expected of them as a certain sex. The person is reinforced by social praise and punishment so the person can learn from mistakes and good deeds. Media has played a massive part on how socialisation as occurred to an individual. I am directly concerned with how the media affects young women within today’s society, particularly through the use of gender stereotyping within young women’s magazines, mainly through articles and advertisements. Here, the ideas and beliefs already created by the media are useful to advertisers because they are socially accepted ideologies. They know that they will influence women. It has been stated in the past that it is these media interpretations of ‘The Perfect Woman’ that have been the cause for so many women becoming increasingly pressured into looking good and so dieting, keeping fit etc. This can, in extreme cases lead to serious psychological diseases such as anorexia and bulimia, where one of the main causes has been identified as social pressure. Society affects how people perceive themselves, Body Image awareness still exists in our society. Many people living on our society are influenced by the media and the fashion industry. Both are equally responsible for the increased number of people suffering from eating disorders. Fashion industries tend to only feature whose figures vary from eight to ten. Their androgynous waif-like figures are presented as representative of the everyday woman. In doing so the average woman in the street is forced to measure herself against an unrealistic ideal. Most models are above average height, have naturally lithe bodies and are aged between sixteen and thirty. Their image is constructed and manipulated by a predominately male homosexual industry which appears reluctant to show women as curvaceous individuals. Celebrities themselves fall foul of the dominant media representation of women. When society thinks of a family we automatically think of the nuclear family in which there is a mum, dad and often two or three children. This type is seen as the statistical norm until the 1980’s where it was considered abnormal to deviate from this ideal family type and there were characteristics that came with this which were seen as socially acceptable. Children were seen as the outcome of a loving heterosexual couple and each person i. e. the mum and dad should have distinctive roles within the family. The mother should be concerned with motherhood and household chores. The father should protect the family and be a disciplinary role model, as well as their main role being defined as the breadwinner, this meaning they often bring in the most money. The mother should be the housekeeper who attians the house and looks after the children as they grow up. A young male would grow up learning the princilpes of the father and the young female would grow up adobting the mather principles. Post modernism shows that gender is the main topic in an individual’s life as events that have occurred are directly linked to a individuals gender. Post modernism gives the individual more choice and that is the basis of post modernism, choice! The individual is more independent on their life choices; such old life ambitions of marriage and children are not compulsory but are a option that some people may seek. Unlike pre modernism and modernity where marriage and kids are ultimate goals and people automatically assume that this is the right path to follow. This gives way to new events that once were either not existent or unethical such as unisex and inter-racial marriages. It shows a deterioration of religion and supernatural belief, which leaves great division among people in identity and lifestyles. People are now working more flexible times, fashion has changed in such away that people can wear what they want, food is more oriental and music comes in a wide variety. Identity has separated into many huge groups such as social classes, ethnic group, age and gender. This leads to unrest to certain groups that want change as people now have a sense of spreading opinion and arguing their rights. Certain groups such as feminists, Marxist ideology and ageist rights. As choice and individual opinion now can be widely credited it gives chance for concern to be broadcasted such as the feminist supporters wanting females to be treated as equals among men. The first wave of feminism gave people the ideology in 1928 when they got the vote, which provoked the idea of gaining more such as the 2nd wave of feminism in the 1960’s when women burned the bra’s, this caused great reasoning between the two gender differences. Karl Marx however says that society not the individual is the important issue as that eventually the working class will soon rule society. This radical change has brought in new changes such as ‘the new man’ that is a unique gender that of a masculine and unemotional male, the new man focuses on his physical appearance and pays attention to diet, personality and self image, he is more emotional and doesn’t fit in with a patriarchy idea. As post modernism has totally effected today’s society it shows how an individual can make all the differences and how self concern and freedom is the new ideal but this idea could change and evidence suggests that it could lead to pre modernism of the old age as though it is a long term cycle of a society but critics say this is the final situation of society and the end solution is total equality among genders, races and age. This idea of choice could lead in any direction depending on current affairs within society yet time is not a important issue as this process could last a log time.

Free Essays on Framework Makes The Picture

Framework Makes the Picture The way in which an author conceptualizes a concept is unique to him- self. An author’s conceptualization is his thought process, his perceptions, and his general view of the concept. Also, something that may be less thought about is the author’s idea of how his audience may prefer him to write. One very important aspect of writing an author must consider is framework. Framework doesn’t apply solely to an entire book, a single concept or chapter, or even to a single paragraph. In Freedom in Fulani Social Life, author Paul Riesman uses various methods of framing his concepts. Riesman’s framework and conceptualization is not only unique for the entire book but also for different chapters. In his introduction Riesman discusses two different ethnological methods. The first method he refers to as â€Å"classic ethnography,† which, as Riesman says, â€Å"seeks to record the life of a society by fitting its practices, artifacts, and beliefs into a set of rubrics (e.g., â€Å"kinship,† â€Å"religion,† â€Å"economy†) established in the traditions of the discipline† (Reisman, 1). This method simply consists of listing facts and observations in an orderly manner so that the reader may gain a more informed perspective of the concept. I perceive the classic ethnologic method to be more of a historian’s concerns with a specific culture, comprised almost entirely of fact and accompanied by very little voice of the researcher/author. The second method Riesman discusses is one he says he uses in the field and, â€Å"whose basic principle was never to lose sight of society as a whole.† (Riesman, 1). This method would involve le ss fact and more of the author discussing observations and conclusions based on these observations. Riesman himself states that his second part, â€Å"life as lived,† is â€Å"quite artificial† (Riesman, 1). The latter method can be perceived as digging deeper into a person or cult... Free Essays on Framework Makes The Picture Free Essays on Framework Makes The Picture Framework Makes the Picture The way in which an author conceptualizes a concept is unique to him- self. An author’s conceptualization is his thought process, his perceptions, and his general view of the concept. Also, something that may be less thought about is the author’s idea of how his audience may prefer him to write. One very important aspect of writing an author must consider is framework. Framework doesn’t apply solely to an entire book, a single concept or chapter, or even to a single paragraph. In Freedom in Fulani Social Life, author Paul Riesman uses various methods of framing his concepts. Riesman’s framework and conceptualization is not only unique for the entire book but also for different chapters. In his introduction Riesman discusses two different ethnological methods. The first method he refers to as â€Å"classic ethnography,† which, as Riesman says, â€Å"seeks to record the life of a society by fitting its practices, artifacts, and beliefs into a set of rubrics (e.g., â€Å"kinship,† â€Å"religion,† â€Å"economy†) established in the traditions of the discipline† (Reisman, 1). This method simply consists of listing facts and observations in an orderly manner so that the reader may gain a more informed perspective of the concept. I perceive the classic ethnologic method to be more of a historian’s concerns with a specific culture, comprised almost entirely of fact and accompanied by very little voice of the researcher/author. The second method Riesman discusses is one he says he uses in the field and, â€Å"whose basic principle was never to lose sight of society as a whole.† (Riesman, 1). This method would involve le ss fact and more of the author discussing observations and conclusions based on these observations. Riesman himself states that his second part, â€Å"life as lived,† is â€Å"quite artificial† (Riesman, 1). The latter method can be perceived as digging deeper into a person or cult...

35 Synonyms for Rain and Snow

35 Synonyms for Rain and Snow 35 Synonyms for Rain and Snow 35 Synonyms for Rain and Snow By Mark Nichol A rich variety of words and phrases are available to describe an array of wet weather conditions. Here are nearly three dozen terms for rain and snow events and their definitions (some accompanied by other meanings). 1. blizzard: a long, severe snowstorm (also, a sudden burst of something that comes in a large amount) 2. cloudburst: a brief, sudden, hard rain 3. condensation: conversion of vapor to a liquid or solid state, such as of cloud vapor into rain (also, the process of making something shorter) 4. deluge: a sudden large amount of rain (also refers to flooding or an inundation of anything, such as mail delivered to a destination) 5. downfall: a sudden and or heavy rain 6. downpour: a sudden, heavy, continuous burst of rain 7. driving rain: rain pushed by a strong wind 8. drizzle: a light rain of small drops 9. flurry: a brief, light fall of snow (also, a sudden appearance or occurrence, or a brief period of activity or excitement) 10. hail: small balls or lumps of ice and snow (also, something that suggests the impact of hail, such as a hail of bullets) 11. hailstorm: a storm that produces hail 12. ice storm: a freezing rain that leaves ice deposits 13. mist: very small drops of floating or falling moisture (also, a spray of moisture or something that obscures understanding) 14. mizzle: a very fine rain 15. monsoon: very heavy rain associated with a wind that periodically appears throughout the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia, or the season during which this occurs 16. northeaster (or nor’easter): a rain storm or snowstorm occurring in New England that originates in the northeast 17. precipitation: water in the form of rain or snow; also abbreviated colloquially as precip (also, the process of separating a solid from a liquid) 18. rainfall: the amount of rain that falls in a particular area 19. rainstorm: a storm that produces rain 20. Scotch mist: a mixture of mist and light rain 21. scud: a slight, sudden shower, especially one driven by wind 22. sheet: a moving expanse of rain (also, various other meanings pertaining to broad, thin objects) 23. shower: a short rain of precipitation (also, a fall of meteors or something figuratively resembling a shower, such as an outpouring of support, or a party given for a woman about to marry or give birth, or a bath of water showered on the body or the apparatus for such a bath) 24. sleet: frozen or partly frozen rain 25. snow: ice crystals that fall as precipitation (also, something resembling snow) 26. snowstorm: a storm that produces snow 27. spit: a brief, slight, and perhaps intermittent fall of rain or snow (also, saliva or a similar excretion) 28. sprinkle: a light rain (also, something dropped in small amounts, such as candy sprinkles) 29. squall: a heavy rain with wind 30. sun shower: a short rain that occurs during partial cloud cover 31. tempest: a violent rainstorm 32. thundershower: a brief storm accompanied by lightning and thunder 33. thunderstorm: a storm accompanied by lightning and thunder 34. torrent: a large amount of rain (also, a large amount of water or of anything that flows suddenly) 35. virga: streaks of rain that evaporate before they reach the ground Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a Sentence225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire YouKn- Words in English

Analyse different representations of Australian colonial history, and Essay

Analyse different representations of Australian colonial history, and of the suffering of Aboriginal people - Essay Example I would agree that these are admirable goals. However this is still not enough in my view. I don’t see a definition of â€Å"Reconciliation† in either speech. Actually I don’t think it can be precisely defined in this context. However, I would argue that a degree of Reconciliation is achieved when (1) both societies are economically viable and one is not excessively dependent on the other, for example for welfare benefits and medical assistance for societal problems such as alcohol and drug abuse, (2) members of one society can move into the other if they chose, feel comfortable and prosper as long as they respect cultural differences, (3) while major criminal and civil laws must be universal, those that relate only to local community customs should be allowed some variance. For example if it is acceptable in aboriginal culture to go nude in public they should be allowed to do so within their communities and this should be accepted by visitors and (4) both societ ies actually but also perceive that they benefit both economically and psychologically by remaining in a unified Australia in spite of required compromises and accommodations.

Writer's Memo for the final draft (letter) Assignment

Writer's Memo for the final draft (letter) - Assignment Example I made these changes because I felt that a letter to an Editor would have to have the necessary shift in perspective from being on the offensive to taking a softer line. This was done out of propriety as well as a desire not to join issue with the other readers. I wanted to get my point across and argue about the editorial without taking on other readers on what may seem to be a futile attempt to join issue with them. The intention here was to comment on the issue at hand and not get carried away in making my case strongly. I did quote on more than one occasion from the editorial. The quotation that I chose was to reflect the gravity of the issue at hand and make some suggestions regarding the same. The idea here was to show the author of the editorial the points where I agreed with her and the points where I felt she should have taken a more assertive stand. Hence, I selectively quoted from the article to reflect these positions of mine. I want to make the point that guns do not have a place in a civilized society and particularly in national parks. Hence, my target audience would be the kind of people who would join the Mothers against drunk driving and similar projects. I was trying to convey my sense of anguish about using guns in public places and particularly in the national parks and hence wanted to convey my desire to make my stand clear. If my letter has to be evaluated fairly, my stand against taking guns to public places must be made clear and that I have strong opinions regarding the same. To the best of my ability, I have made everything clear. I have stated the reasons for writing the letter as well as the position that I took. In this way, I have conveyed the reasons why I wrote that letter as well as what changed from the initial draft and what remained the same. Hence, I hope to be evaluated according to the merits of the letter and

Describe the methods used to calculate value added. How does value Essay - 5

Describe the methods used to calculate value added. How does value added contribute towards understanding the connections betwee - Essay Example This paper will describe the methods used by Ford at Highland Park and Toyota during 1980s and 1990s to improve productivity. Methods used by Henry Ford at Highland Park to improve productivity The Ford plant at Highland Park is thought to have been the main automaker that transformed the lives of a majority of American people in the 20th century. It is at the Highland Park that Henry Ford with the assistance of his designers formulated the current principle of bulk assembly; an example being the endlessly moving assembly line, introduced in 1913 thereby reducing the assembling duration of the Model T to 93 minutes down from 728 minutes. It is noted that the companies continued to grow very fast to the extent that the plant was able to produce a vehicle every minute. The high production led to a scenario in which one in every two cars in the streets all over the world was a Model T (Batchelor 1994, P.22-24). The increase in the production of the Model T by Henry Ford was attributed t o two main principles, namely division of labor and specialization on the assembly line, and the company’s investment in capital. ... With regard to investment in capital as a way of improving productivity, Ford Motor Company built one of Michigan’s largest buildings under one roof known as the Highland Park Plant in 1903. The building was spacious and large thereby allowing for effective arrangement of machineries. The building also had massive windows to enhance natural lights and ventilation. It is also reported that the walls of the building were 75% made of glass with skylights also made available. The nature of the building allows for efficiency in the operation of machines and other tasks thereby leading to improved productivity (Batchelor 1994, P.22-24). Ford Motors also used vertical integration strategy to improve the production of Model T. To ensure that this became a reality, Ford acquired a Brazilian rubber plantation, large chunks of timberland and iron-ores in Minnesota and Michigan, coalmines, ships, and railroads. The acquisitions ensured that Ford do not fall short of materials and parts du ring the manufacturing and assembling thereby guaranteeing the continuity of the operation. Since materials and parts were readily available at any time they were needed, this improved the production of cars manufactured by the company (Brooke 2008, p.68-70). To improve productivity, Henry Ford also created a single-purpose tools and machines at different steps in the manufacturing processes. This was done by using electricity to run the machines used for manufacturing his Model T. The use of electricity did improve the efficiency compared to other methods such as the human operations, which had proved less efficient. In addition, Ford Motors ensured that

Fault location methods

Fault location methods Abstract This paper presents a comparative study between two fault location methods in distribution network with Distributed Generation (DG). Both methods are based on computing the impedance using fundamental voltage and current signals. The first method uses one-end information and the second uses both ends. A 30 kV three-phase line was studied in the presence of a 3 MW fixed speed wind turbine. Index Terms-Fault location, Distribution network, Distributed Generation, Fixed Speed Wind Turbineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Introduction Fault location problem in transmission networks has been studied deeply because of its importance in the power system and because its difficult to physically check long transmission lines [1]. Nowadays, the problem of fault location was extended to distribution network in order to identify the fault location as quickly as possible to improve the power quality and the system reliability. The application of classical techniques, presented in Section 2, is not easy due to the complexity of the distribution systems which are characterized by the non-homogeneity of line, the load uncertainty, the phase unbalanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [2] Fault location problem in the distribution network becomes more complicated with the presence of the Distributed Generation (DG). In fact, the DG resources, connected to the distribution system, which are in general, wind turbines and small hydro-electrical plants [3], contribute to the fault level of the network and their effect depends on their size, type and placement [4]. The infeed currents from the DGs cause errors in the estimation of the distance of the fault point since they can affect the amplitude, the direction and, indirectly, the duration of fault currents [3]. In this paper, we present two fault location methods which have been successfully applied to a real fault that occurred on a 225 kV transmission line in [5]. They will be, first, tested on a simple distribution line without DGs. Then, we consider a fixed speed wind turbine connected to the other side of the line. FAULT LOCATION TECHNIQUES Fault location methods can be classified into different categories: Methods based on travelling waves in faulted line: in [6], authors present a travelling wave based fault location method, which was successfully applied on a transmission line, and extended to distribution line with DGs. The main advantages of this approach are its insensitivity to the contribution of the DGs during fault and the requirement of fault signal only from the substation end of the faulted line. Methods based on harmonics analysis: those methods are not frequently used since grid operators have the aim to reduce harmonics in the power system. Method based on computing the short circuit power, using the voltage and the currents, to determine the fault location [5]. Method using instantaneous voltage and current available at both ends of the line [5]. Methods based on determining the apparent impedance using the fundamental components of voltage and current: this method is the most widely used because of its simplicity and efficiency, and it does not require a big investment in equipment [1], [2]. Those methods can be divided into two groups: Methods using one-end information and Methods using both ends of the affected line. Fig. 1 shows a simple three-phase distribution line with a load connected via a transformer (30 kV/ 575 V). The basic approach used for determining the fault distance d is to calculate the impedance seen from substation (NL) during the fault. This paper presents two fault location techniques. Method using one-end information Where: Vk is the voltage of the faulted phase and Vf is the fault voltage. Vk and Vf depends on the fault type as given in table I. Method using both ends information The voltage and the current of the two ends line are related with this expression: Where: VLi, VRi, ILi, IRi are resp. the voltage and the current of the left and the right side of the phase i. VLj, VRj, ILj, IRj are resp. the voltage and the current of the left and the right side of the phase j. Zik,Zjk: elements of the impedance matrix of the line L: line length d: fault distance Simulation and results In order to show the effectiveness of the presented algorithms, the system presented in Fig. 1 is tested with the source, the line and the load parameters given in table II. Where: dest and dreal are respectively the estimated and the real fault distance, and L is the line length. Fig. 2 shows the estimated error for the simulated system of Fig. 1 for different fault resistance value to compare the two techniques described above. Fig. 3 shows the fault location results for different load power. It can be seen that as the load power increases, the estimation error also increases. For the first technique, the estimation error is less than 1.5% and can still be acceptable, but for the second technique, the estimation error can reach 30% for a 5 MW load. In fact, the accuracy of the algorithm, for variable load, depends on the short-circuit power of the source. Fig. 4 shows that the estimation error decreases if the ratio between the load power and the source short-circuit power decreases. In order to study the influence of the integration of the DGs into the distribution networks on the fault location accuracy, a three-phase line integrating a 3MW fixed speed wind turbine at the right side of the line is considered in Fig. 5. A 1MW local load has been connected to the WT. Fig. 6, 7 and 8 present the WT characteristics: the nominal wind speed is 9 m/s; the wind speed is imposed equal to 8 m/s that makes the WT generating 0.66 pu of its active power. The reactive power is generated by an 800 kVAR capacitors. The WT speed is fixed to 1 pu. A one-phase fault, during 600 ms, that occurs on the line with different fault resistance value and different load power, is used to evaluate the presented methods. Fig. 9 presents the estimated error for the simulated line with wind turbine. It can be seen that the error is higher than in the first case because of the participation of the WT to the fault current which is not delivered only by the source. Then, the source voltage increases and the impedance seen from the source will be higher than the impedance of the same fault on the line without WT. Comparing with the results presented for a line without DGs, we can see that the contribution of the WT in the fault current increases widely the estimation error of both methods, especially the second one that uses the recorded information from the source bus and the WT connection point. The effect of the uncertainty of the load is investigated by varying its value from 0 to 5 MW, for a fault located at 20 km from the source. Fig. 10 presents the accuracy of the described methods while varying the load. Unlike the result presented for the line without GDs, the estimated error decreases while increasing the load impedance. This result shows that conventional methods cant be well used for network with DGs. It is known that an increase in generation capacity, increases the fault current, then the participation of the DGs to the fault level will increase too. For that, we consider two wind turbine of 3MW each one, connected to a distribution network at the same connection point. The wind reference of the first WT is fixed to 8m/s, and for the second, it starts with a wind speed of 8m/s then it increases to 9m/s to simulate the two wind sources with different rate of penetration. Fig. 12 shows the characteristics of both WTs. Conclusion This paper presents two impedance based fault location methods tested on a distribution line with and without distributed generation. The two techniques present an interesting precision for fault location in distribution system that does not integrate GDs. But, with the existence of the WT connected to the grid, those methods are not applicable especially for a high fault resistance value or variable load impedance. Thus, integration of the DGs into the distribution network requires further study on the existing fault location techniques to adapt them with the DGs state when a fault occurs. References J. Mora, J. Melendez, M. Vinyoles, J. Sà ¡nchez, M. Castro, An Overview to Fault Location Methods in Distribution System Based on Single End Measures of Voltage and Current, Journal Name, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 1-10, Mar. 2000. Y.-J. Ahn, M.-S. Choi, S.-H. Kang and S.-J. Lee, An accurate fault location algorithm for double-circuit transmission systems, in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Summer Meeting, vol. 3, 2000, pp. 1344-1349. TH. Boutsika, S. Papathanassiou, N. Drossos, Calculation of the Fault Level Contribution of Distributed Generation According To IEC Standard 60909, NTUA-Electric Power Division, Athens. V.R. Kanduri, Distributed Generation Impact on Fault Response of A Distrubution Network, Thesis of the Faculty of Mississippi State University, 2004. A. Abadlia,La Localisation des Dà ©fauts dans les Lignes Electriques, Thesis of the National School of Engineers of Tunis (ENIT), 2007. C.Y. Evrenosoglu, A. Abur, Fault Location in Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation, 15th PSCC, Liege, 22-26 August 2005, Session 10, Paper 5, p. 5.

The Applications and Making of Artificial Diamonds Essay -- Diamond Di

The Applications and Making of Artificial Diamonds Diamonds are very unique. Their hardness and beauty have enticed people for many years. Now some of the same attributes that make them appealing also make them useful. To understand these attributes the chemistry of carbon is very important. This unique chemistry is what makes them so hard to make. Much research has gone into the making of diamonds and this has led to many successes in the field. These discoveries have led to machines and processes that make diamond making more efficient and reliable. Of course, all of this research and discoveries would not be sought after if it was not for the many applications of diamonds. This is true for cosmetic, industrial and electronic purposes. Diamonds can be very complex but have many uses. The chemistry of diamonds is very interesting. Diamonds are composed mainly of carbon. Carbon can also exist as graphite, in a carbon chain or as buckminsterfullerene. It never forms bonds and leaves unshared electron pairs. In graphite the carbon atoms form an sp2 bonds. In this type of bonding an electron of the s orbital jumps to the p orbital to complete the octet with the other carbon atoms. When this happens it causes the orbital to flatten and the result is one big lattice in a two dimensional plane (Oxtoby). These lattices are attracted to each other not bonded to each other in compounds of graphite. Although they are made of the same carbon the diamond compound is different because of the type of bonds. Each atom forms four directional sp3 bonds instead of the three resonating bonds in graphite. This allows the diamond to keep its tetrahedral shape. It is also what makes the diamond so hard. The tetrahedral sh... ... January 1999. Elert, Glenn. â€Å"Presuures Used to Create Artificial Diamonds.† 1998. Frogley, Elizabeth. â€Å"Really Good Fake Diamonds.† November 6, 2002. Gurov, Ivan Ivanovich. â€Å"Method of Diamond Making.† November 2000. Hoover, Aaron. â€Å"Simply Brilliant: Uf/Russian Team Makes Gem-Quality Diamonds.† Science Daily News. August 1999. Krane, Kenneth. Modern Physics. United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1996. Oxtoby, Freeman, Block. Chemistry, Science of Change. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing. 1998.

4th Grade Speech on Hockey Essay

Did you know that there are over 1.6 million people playing organized hockey around the world? Hockey is a team sport played on ice, where skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into the other team’s net. Each team usually has 5 players and 1 goalie on the ice at a time. The first organized game was played on March 3rd, 1875 in Montreal, Quebec. In 1902, the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League was the first to pay their players. In 1910, the National Hockey Association was formed in Montreal. They would changed the rules, splitting the game into three, 20 minute periods, introducing a system of minor and major penalties, where the player would spend time in the penalty box, leaving their team short one player. Trust me when I tell you, that it is one place you don’t want to be! The penalty box is like when you’re really bad at home and your parents send you to your room for a time out. It’s basically the same thing, but now it is a STRANGER in a weird zebra shirt called a referee giving you the time out. How weird is that? See more: Homelessness as a social problem Essay In 1917, the league became the National Hockey League known today as the NHL. I think hockey is the most fascinating sport in the world. At the age of three, I played my very first real hockey game. I scored the FIRST goal, on my FIRST shift of my very FIRST game. I was SO small, I couldn’t even see over the boards! Hockey is also about having fun and making friendships. There are five boys on my team that I have played with for 7 years!! We aren’t just team mates, we are the best of friends. Everything revolves  around hockey with my friends and I. If we aren’t playing a league game, we are playing NHL 12 on Xbox, playing mini sticks or a scrimmage on my backyard rink. I currently play on 2 hockey teams, the Mississauga Jets and my school team, the Queen of Heaven Crusaders. I spend about 8-12 hours a week on the ice, which includes games, practices and my backyard rink. My favourite player is Steven Stamkos. His birthday is February 7th, 1990. That would make him 22 years old in just 3 days. Not only was he the first overall in the OHL draft, but he was also first overall in the NHL draft by the Tampa Bay Lightning. In his second year, he was the league’s leading goal scorer and in his third year, he was named to the All-Star team. Steven Stamkos is living his dream in the NHL. My dream is winning the Stanley Cup. What’s YOUR’S?

Traditions of Scapegoating Found in

Cresia Reese English 1020 Prof Sparks Traditions of scapegoating found in â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† and â€Å"The Lottery† The various cultures that exist in the United States all have different ways to scapegoat a variety of people and cultures in society today; as depeicted in the fiction stories â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† by Ursula K. Le Guin.In â€Å"The Lottery,† is a story about a community that has passed down a tradition of death by stoning for many years, this person would become the scapegoat of the community. In the story â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas†a community has a hidden secret which involves the captivity of one person who has to live a life of despair in order for a community to thrive. In comparing both stories to life as we know it today, we have found that there are traditions which have been passed down in our communities and eventually l ead to a person to become the scapegoat of the community.How do our various cultures today allow passed traditions to use individuals as scapegoats just like we find in our fictions stories? The word scapegoat means, a person or group made to bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place. The idea of a scapegoat applies to both stories in the same manner, a person is used as a scapegoat to uphold there communities. Both stories use traditions of there past ancestral history to use a person as a scapegoat to carry on the behaviors that were passed down to them via traditions.Shirley Jackson was an author who used a perfect example of scapegoat in her stories. â€Å"The Lottery† brings us to the scapegoat aspect of this story you see that the traditions in the community allows for another scapegoat victim every year, they are stoned to death in a symbolic process. Ursula K. Le Guin also used a scapegoat the hidden person to hold up a community and keep it from the dange rs of the outside world. These traditions were passed down by the ancestors of the people who currently live in this place. Also in â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away rom Omelas† there are several people who have chosen to walk away from the hidden secret that was revealed to them and they did not wish to remain in that community any more. The hidden secret was symbolic as a scapegoat because without this person this community would have failed based on passed traditions. To compare the traditions of stoning a person to death and hiding a person to up hold a community are both forms of scapegoat. The scapegoat matters in both the stories and show that as human beings that we believe in history and certain traditions in our communities.Also people and things are used as scapegoats as passed down by traditions and as a symbolic way to forge ahead in life, so they do not hinder there communities. Why should the people in our communities not follow along with the traditions of the past ? Because we feel that these traditions followed by our ancestors did not prove to be right and they should not be followed in the current times. When you think about the story â€Å"The Lottery† you have been thrown a curve ball, most people think about a lottery used in our current day and age where you have a slim chance of winning something good like prizes or money.We soon come to find out that a lottery in this story is all a sham; â€Å"At mid morning on a late June day a peaceful village crowd gathers on the square for the annual lottery. The procedures have been handed down over generations with little change. While in the harmless process of drawing lots the villagers reveal their excitement. Suddenly, when the winner is selected, the innocent game turns out to be a horrifying sacrifice: the winner is stoned to death for the welfare of the community. Such is the limited picture that could be given of Shirley Jackson’s ‘The Lottery’. (Schaub 1) A s we find out in this story there is another thing that also stands out in this story and that would be the black box in this story. In the story the black box is used as a way to single out one person to be the winner of the said lottery. The black box is a symbol in the story of the way to reduce the size of a community. This is why they held the lottery each year they would bring all the families together in the square and have them to pull a slip of paper from the box and eventually at the end of the gathering one of the residence in this community would lose there life.We can see that scapegoats are recognized in both objects and actions as we find in both stories â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas†. In â€Å"The Lottery† the pulling of a name from a black a black wooden box and then there was the death of one person at the end by being hit with stones. The character (Tessie Hutchinson) was one who was always ready to be the one to throw the stones, but when it came time for her to be the on being hit by the stones she felt that it was not fair and or right. â€Å"It isn’t fair’ she said. A stone hit her on the side of the head† (Jackson 218).You have (Tessie Hutchinson) who was very excited every year to be a part of the traditional lottery process and when it came time for her to be stoned she was the scapegoat in the traditional process. Then we move on to â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† where there are several characters: one (the child) who was forced to be the scapegoat, and al the ones who walked away from the community (many people). They all chose to be free from the scapegoat act of holding this child to support the community which was free of all major problems that many communities face today.The issues today in different cultures, religions, and stories using people and things as scapegoats to uphold current and traditional believes. Moving forward to comp are the scapegoats used in both stories to show how our traditions, which are passed down still eventually lead to people to being used as scapegoats in our communities today. â€Å"So that the lottery is to be understood as a modern representation of the primitive annual scapegoat rite† (Schaub 1). This information hits the nail on the head as the lottery process is a primitive act that we are not sure why this was even being done and it was never explained.In today’s society there are still several groups (cults, religious groups, & clubs/organizations) that are secluded from most communities and societies today. We know some of these groups have different rituals and rules as to who and how you are allowed to become involved. These rituals most times come from traditions which were taught by the ancestors of the leaders or promoters of said cults and groups. The definition of a cult is listed as Sociology: A group having a sacred ideology and a set of rites centerin g around their sacred symbols or ideas.

Defining AIDS and HIV in the United States essays

Defining AIDS and HIV in the United States essays Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) refers to the advanced development of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and extensive damage to the immune system. Not everyone who acquires HIV develops AIDS. HIV is an infection that invades immune systems cells called CD4-positive (CD4+) T cells that fights infections. HIV invades the body's CD4+ T cells and damages the immune systems ability to fight against diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and other microscopic organisms. There are medications for the treatment of HIV; these medicines slow down the rate at which HIV replicates and subsequently weakens the immune system. AIDS is defined as certain signs or symptoms as specified in guidelines formulated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), including: HIV-infected persons with HIV-infected persons with at least 1 of more than 24 AIDS-associated conditions (infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses rarely seen in healthy people) When HIV progresses to AIDS, it is fatal, yet, the rate of AIDS-related deaths has decreased with the development of new medicines. Some HIV-infected individuals may show little or no immune system deterioration and low levels of HIV even after 15 or more years of infection in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Studies of acute infection and long-term non-progressors provide facts about the immune responses needed to develop an HIV vaccine. Experimental vaccines have proven protective and well tolerated in animal models of AIDS but not in humans. In conclusion, anyone is capable of becoming HIV-infected. Therefore, it is important to educate people on the definition and facts about AIDS. The CDC reported that 2.2 million Americans now carry the HIV virus but do not yet have symptoms; AIDS the leading cause of death for Americans between the ages of 18 35; and the HIV-infected rate in the U.S. is appr ...

HIV Multiple Bereavement Syndrome essays

HIV Multiple Bereavement Syndrome essays HIV/AIDS and Multiple Bereavement: Is the psychological impact of multiple loss intensified by social factors? The advent of AIDS has created a new population of people who suffer multiple bereavements as well as threats to their own lives. (Murray-Parkes, 1998, p. xii) The populations most affected by HIV/AIDS live in two geographical locations: the USA and Africa (WHO, 1998) . In 1997 four million people in the Sub-Saharan Africa were newly reported as having seropositive status (WHO, 1998). In North America this figure was 44 thousand (WHO, 1998). Seropositive rates among Gay men in New York City are reported at 36 to 67% (Dean L, 1995). Infection rates amongst young, urban males in Uganda range from 20 to 30% (Seeley With these high figures and similar infection rates among males in mind, this essay will discuss the relationship between social factors and the psychological impact of multiple loss in an international context. The evidence I have considered principally comes from Uganda and the USA which will allow me to evaluate the commonality of experience and the usefulness of theories on multiple loss in differing cultural and economic situations. The impact of the HIV virus is such that it creates ...a cycle of never ending perpetual grieving for individuals affected by HIV/AIDS and the professionals who care for them.' (Cho Cho Discussing this issue Ankrah (1991) and Seeley & Kajura (1995) suggest that young people may have become habituated to mul...

How to Write a Discussion Section of a Research Paper

How to Write a Discussion Section of a Research Paper How to Write a Discussion Section of a Research Paper The discussion section of a research paper is dedicated to interpretation of your findings and their significance. Here, you discuss what has already been found about the problem by other researchers, and present your fresh view on the issue, taking into consideration all evidence and facts. This part of a research paper is very indicative of your progress as a student. The discussion section can be considered the most important part of the research paper, because it demonstrates your analytical skills. A good discussion section needs a critical approach to the question, and your ability to synthesize the findings of your research. If it has revealed any gaps in the field, this is also a good section to highlight these gaps, and give your suggestions on the possible improvements. Also, your discussion should be logically structured. There are several types of text structures, so you need to decide which one will be the most suitable, considering the type of research you are conducting. How to Structure Your Discussion Section We can allocate two types of structures you can use to organize the discussion section – vertical and horizontal. Vertical structure of the text is comprised of information presented in a hierarchical manner, relating to general elements and more specific ones. The topic unfolds into subtopics, subcategories and separate arguments. You have to keep in mind, that from your point of view, the argument and facts are arranged in a descending manner, taking into consideration how you intend to communicate your thoughts, speculations and conclusions. On the other hand, your reader will perceive all information in an ascending manner, from more specific elements to the general understanding of your topic. The horizontal structure is formed by creating cohesion between your findings. This cohesion is achieved by means of language devices, such as conjunctions, references and omission of words or phrases that can be logically derived from a sentence. All facts, arguments and speculations should be presented consistently, using logical connectives and references. Which Type of Structure is Better There is no right or wrong, it just depends on your findings. The horizontal structure is especially relevant when you are conducting an interdisciplinary research. There is no hierarchy between independent disciplines, so you need a structure which will highlight the relations between facts that belong to different fields. Vertical structure employs the deductive approach to research. If you start proving your thesis statement from a generalization and build your way to a conclusion by analyzing separate element of the general notion, then a vertical structure is more suitable for you discussion section. Points to Consider Whichever structure you decide to choose, your discussion section should have a brief summary of the importance of your findings for the field you study. You can also give your opinion on possible directions for future research, but add only those, that could not be researched in this particular paper. If you give recommendations for further research, remember to avoid repeating your statements in the conclusion section of your research paper. There is no use in wasting space with repetitions, and it can give an impression that you were careless with your final edit of the paper. And finally, on account of the overall research paper, avoid using first person too much. It can distract the reader from the main point of the paper – research.

Multiple predetermined overhead rates versus a single predetermined Term Paper

Multiple predetermined overhead rates versus a single predetermined overhead rate - Term Paper Example A multiple predetermined overhead rate is a system through which the product cost is estimated. This is where in every single different department in the company a single separate predetermined overhead rate is calculated and then they are summed together. This means that though if they are summed up they produce a single predetermined overhead rate they are present as independent multiple overhead rates of the company’s different departments. This type of estimation of the predetermined overhead rate is important especially in the instance where the products are heterogeneous. This is because as the products move along the various departments they receive uneven effort and attention therefore calling for the different departmental rates in the achieving of equitable and even product costs estimations. The calculation of the single predetermined overhead rate is more common in most companies’ than the multiple predetermined overhead rates. This is largely attributed to the fact tat the single overhead rate is much simpler to estimate than the multiple overhead rates. This is due to the fact that it involves a single calculation of the overheard rate of the whole company’s departments as one while the multiple overhead rates involve calculation of the rates in the different departments separately (Sherman 43). In this reason also it is thus estimated to be less of a cost in resources and time to use the single overhead rate than the multiple overhead rates. Taking for instance a survey conducted on the popularity of the use of the single overhead rate and the multiple overhead rate established that an approximate 50% of companies use both types. This can be attributed to the fact that the multiple overhead rates are more detailed and informative especially the fact that most companies conduct heterogeneous production. Job order costing Job order costing refers to a costing system in businesses that is applied to the accumulation of costs by the difference jobs it engages in, and it is mostly applied where there are various different products that are being produced per time period. It involves the calculation of the average cost per unit product which is arrived at through the tracing of costs through to

The World's Poorest Countries Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The World's Poorest Countries - Assignment Example Countries with GDP per capita of $765 or lesser than that are declared to be the poor countries (The 10 poorest countries of the world, n. d) According to International monetary fund and the CIA world factbook, Zimbabwe was declared as the poorest country in the world in the year 2010. The study of the list of poorest country in the world also brings into notice that among the top 10 poorest country in the world, 9 of them are from the region of Africa which reflects the vulnerability of the African region. The table below shows the list of the top 10 poorest countries along with their respective GDP during the year 2010 as declared by the International monitory fund. Countries Annual GDP per- capita (in $) Zimbabwe 0.1 Democratic republic of Congo 334 Liberia 379 Burundi 401 Somalia 600 Niger 736 Eritrea 739 Sierra Leone 747 Afghanistan 800 (Top 10 poorest countries in the world 2010, 2010) Poverty is reigning in most of the countries. The causes underlying the poverty are varied in nature. It is not always the people who are responsible for the predicament. The governments of the country play a major role in framing policies which leads to the successful development, whereas failure from their behalf makes the people suffer for years. The leaders of the developed countries are also responsible as their external influences often make the government of poor countries helpless and results in unequal rules of trade. Structural adjustment has been one of the prime causes of poverty. To attract the investment form the developed nations, poor countries try to reduce the wage structure and provide cheaper resources but ultimately it results in the degradation of the economy and increases the poverty level among the people.... The study of the various socio economic conditions of the poorer nations reveals the fact that the opportunity of free trade is not present in the countries. The important factor required in the success of the free trade lies in the fact that the nations entering into the free trade should possess skills and resource to produce cost effective goods and services with which they can trade with other countries. It has been portrayed that the absence of adequate capital, labor and infrastructure prevails in most of the countries. The paper studies in detail about the various aspects of the poorer countries and studies whether any possibility of free trade exists among the poorer nations. The option of free trade would have definitely helped the countries to recover from their overall financial crisis, but the preliminary requirements of entering into the free trade are absent among the countries as highlighted in the study. It is recommended that the poorer nations should prevent them from entering into the free trade agreements unless and until they have the necessary infrastructure and they improve on their core sectors of the economy. If the countries decide to enter into free trade, it would become much more vulnerable for them instead of helping their situation. However the countries should make a strong effort in improving their conditions so that they are in a position to enter free trade as it will really provide an added advantage to them in the days to come. Help from the developed nations of the wo rld are also required for the promotion of free trade among the poorer nations.