Agriculture Education Essay

An interim development plan was prepared for undergraduate and postgraduate studies. It was agreed that the three existing courses in plant-breeding and genetics provided an adequate scientific background in this field and that priority should now go to fruit and vegetable production. To this end, two new courses should be added so that the overall course would include: vegetable growing, vegetable production (two courses) and seed production. – 5- 19. In vegetable growing, in addition to the existing areas of definition, classification, soil and climatic requirements, the Faculty should add rotation, green manuring and kitchen garden cultivation. The two courses in vegetable production would give time for major crops to be dealt with in greater detail and for more practical training. The area in Sind under vegetable cultivation is increasing steadily as farmers realise its value for cash crops, but the yield is still very low. This is due mainly to lack of knowledge and experience (which the agricultural extension services could provide) and a lack of good seed. 2 0. A course in vegetables, fruit and ornamental plant seed production should be offered. Students would learn how to collect, harvest, clean, dry, pack and store seeds and they would study seed dormancy, germination and treatment, together with methods of breeding self and cross-pollinated crops. Postgraduate Curricula 21. The present postgraduate curricula cover horticultural plant nutrition, plant propagation and fruit production (two p arts). This last should be replaced by two new courses : (a) the soil and water relations of horticultural plants; (b) temperature and water relations of horticultural plants. Optional courses should be introduced for M. Sc. students to supply them with additional information needed in their fields of study. Options could include courses on major horticultural crops and general courses on the improvement of horticultural plants, on growth† regulators and on protected cultivation. As most research experiments on vegetables must be conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute at Mirpurkhas, 30 miles away, it was decided that priority should be given to raising vegetable crops at Malir, the university Farm,to provide the Horticultural Department with the facilities needed for research. Vegetable Crops (1) Objectives and Methods 22. The main objectives of the Horticultural Department in growing vegetable crops were to provide practical training for staff, students and labourers; to become familiar with problems of vegetable production in Sind; to evaluate crops and varieties, and seed production. It was planned to start by using two acres in the horticultural garden for growing most of the vegetable crops for practical training, and four acres at Malir Farm for a four-year crop rotation. Winter vegetables, carrots, radishes, turnips, cauliflowers, spinach and beet, were grown in the garden. The local varieties were identified, evaluated, weighed and measured. Promising varieties of radish, carrot and onion could be improved by breeding. All peas and spinach were of poor quality, most of the peas being dwarf types, with an average plant height of only ten – twelve inches. – 6- The spinach varieties were prickly-seeded and, during the shortest winter days, started flowering early. The seed stalks had an extreme male-type of inflorescence. Seed of selected suitable varieties of peas and spinach should be imported. (2) Growing Methods (a) Trailed Tomatoes; 2 4. Trailing tomatoes were tried in the open; local and imported varieties were planted and supported by iron stakes, galvanised wire and plastic string. Students and labourers were trained to tie the vines to strings, to pinch and remove auxiliary shoots and to apply fertilisers. The trial was successful, the plants standing well throughout the season and bearing -heavily. Later, owing to virus diseases on some vines, all plants were removed and burnt. A second trial was begun in the summer, the tomato vines being shaded by luffa plants – ridge gourd (luffa acutangula) and sponge gourd (luffa aegyptica) – the small luffa fruit being edible. (b) Soil-level mulches: 2 5. Cucurbits – bitter gourd (mermodica charanta), tinda or Indian squash (citrullos vulgaris, var fistulosa), tori (luffa s p. ), cucumber and cantalope were grown- early. Seeds were planted on December 21st in hillocks on raised beds covered with clear polyethylene film to form soil-level mulches. Two weeks later, seed emergence was observed, with a minimum temperature o f 6 C. Minimum and maximum temperatures and germination percentages were recorded. (c) Plastic tunnels: 2 6. Plastic walk-in and mini-tunnels were† made of local materials. The mini-tunnels were used for raising nursery plants and for getting tomato, pepper and egg-plant seedlings†¢ They gave high germination percentages and well-established seedlings. The walk-in tunnels were used for trailed tomatoes and for cucumbers, temperature and humidity data being recorded.

Information and Communication Technology

Spending on information and communications technology in 2005 Information and communications technology or information and communication technology,[1] usually called ICT, is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT) but is usually a more general term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), intelligent building management systems and audio-visual systems in modern information technology. ICT consists of all technical means used to handle information and aid communication, including computer and network hardware, communication middleware as well as necessary software. In other words, ICT consists of IT as well as telephony, broadcast media, all types of audio and video processing and transmission and network based control and monitoring functions. The expression was first used in 1997[3] in a report by Dennis Stevenson to the UK government[4] and promoted by the new National Curriculum documents for the UK in 2000. ICT is often used in the context of â€Å"ICT roadmap† to indicate the path that an organization will take with their ICT needs. [5][6] The term ICT is now also used to refer to the merging (convergence) of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the audio-visual, building management and telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. See VOIP and Intelligent Infrastructure Management (IIM). This in turn has spurred the growth of organizations with the term ICT in their names to indicate their specialization in the process of merging the different network systems. Information and Communication Technology Spending on information and communications technology in 2005 Information and communications technology or information and communication technology,[1] usually called ICT, is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT) but is usually a more general term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), intelligent building management systems and audio-visual systems in modern information technology. ICT consists of all technical means used to handle information and aid communication, including computer and network hardware, communication middleware as well as necessary software. In other words, ICT consists of IT as well as telephony, broadcast media, all types of audio and video processing and transmission and network based control and monitoring functions. The expression was first used in 1997[3] in a report by Dennis Stevenson to the UK government[4] and promoted by the new National Curriculum documents for the UK in 2000. ICT is often used in the context of â€Å"ICT roadmap† to indicate the path that an organization will take with their ICT needs. [5][6] The term ICT is now also used to refer to the merging (convergence) of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the audio-visual, building management and telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. See VOIP and Intelligent Infrastructure Management (IIM). This in turn has spurred the growth of organizations with the term ICT in their names to indicate their specialization in the process of merging the different network systems.

Bronchitis in Children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bronchitis in Children - Research Paper Example Bronchitis is a medical condition in which the bronchi of the lungs have some inflammation and some irritation. It may be a dangerous condition or not, depending on how it is handled from the start, usually beginning with diagnosis and ending with prescription/treatment. Blockage of the lung airways/air passages may lead to serious breathing difficulties which may be fatal if not dealt with accordingly and timely (Ivker, 2000). Children suffer from bronchitis which in some cases may be diagnosed wrongly as asthma or pneumonia/chest cold due to the similarity in symptoms. For children, there have been quite some challenges because they contract it in some ways that adults don’t. Children may contract bronchitis when they get a contagious bacteria or virus. For this reason and more, the bronchitis in children may be mistaken for some other diseases if proper diagnosis is not carried out, and that leads to wrong prescriptions which may cause death. Just like in the case of adults , children also suffer from the two classes of bronchitis, acute and chronic. It is first of all very important to be aware of the specific indicative signs and symptoms of a possible bronchitis problem in a child. This is necessary because it eliminates cases in which parents and even family doctors use the general signs to conclude that a child is suffering has an ailment other than bronchitis. This ensures that a child suffering from bronchitis is properly diagnosed in time. It is important to note that most preschool children under the age of five are more prone to acute bronchitis than the chronic type. A proper treatment plan helps to prevent cases where acute bronchitis develops into the more dangerous pneumonia. In developing a treatment plan, a physician/clinician needs to check the specific indicative signs, and also study the child’s medical/health history (Tackett & Atkins, 2012). The physician/clinician will need a stethoscope

Income and Substitution Effects of a Price Change Essay

Income and Substitution Effects of a Price Change - Essay Example Complete, reflexive and transitive are the axioms of consumer theory. The theory of consumer preferences can be formulated on the basis of the above axioms (Samuelson, 1956. p.3). The two axes represent a typical consumption of a consumer of goods 1 and 2. A consumption bundle (x1,x2) is taken along with the other consumption bundles that are preferred weakly to the selected bundle. This is what we mean by a set that is weakly preferred. The indifference curve is formed by the bundles forming the boundary of the selected set i.e. the bundles that will provide the consumer as much satisfaction as the selected bundle. The indifference curve can be drawn through any consumption bundle. One of the disadvantages in using indifference curve analysis is that it shows only the consumption bundle perceived by the consumer is indifferent. It fails to capture the bundles which are better or worse. One of its characteristics is indifference curve that represents distinct preferential levels cannot cross. The rate at which the consumer likes to substitute goods is called the marginal rate of substitution. MRS is derived from the slope of the indifference curve The budget constraint of the consumer is p1x1+p2x2=m. The consumption of good 1 is taxed at a rate of t. The new budget constraint will be (p1+t)x1+p2x2=m. The effect of the change in price on the demand conditions is shown in the figure below. The set of bundles that are preferred by a consumer to the optimal choice is above the indifference curve and the set of bundles that is against the affordability is above the indifference curve. Hence the optimal choice is the best bundle that can be chosen by the consumer. Now, an income tax is taken into consideration which raises the revenue by the same amount as the tax. The form of that budget constraint will be p1x1+p2x2=m-tx1*, where tx1* is the rise in revenue because of tax.

Somatization Disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Somatization Disorder - Research Paper Example The ‘somatic’ symptoms that characterize the condition cause impairment, which impedes normal functioning and could cause significant distress. Hysteria is not common in the general populace. However, the condition occurs in 0.2% of males and 0.2% to 2% of females (Lichstein, 1986). Research has proven variation in occurrence, which is attributable to cultural differences. For example, the condition is significantly prevalent in Puerto Rico when compared to other regions (Glorisa et al. 2000). Approximately 10% to 20% percent of first-degree female relatives have the disorder, whereas; the male relatives exhibit heightened levels of sociopathy and alcoholism. Epidemiological studies also show that there is co-morbidity with other conditions of a psychological nature such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders and personality disorders such as dependent, narcissistic, borderline, avoidant, histrionic and antisocial personality disorders (Robert & Gold, 2008). Patients with somatization disorder display various physical complaints which may last for years. This complaint often includes chronic pain and problems in the reproductive, nervous and digestive systems. Stress has been found to worsen the problem and the symptoms often interfere with both relationships and work as patients seek medical attention (Lichstein, 1986). Diagnosis and other evaluations do not explain the symptoms or they may exceed expectations when compared to any medical illness of a similar nature that may be found. Symptom categories that may be experienced include: Somatization disorder starts prior to age 30 and is more prevalent among women than in men. The condition often affects people with chronic pain and irritable bowel syndrome. Somatisation disorder was in the past thought to relate to emotional stress, and the resultant pain was dismissed as a creation of the mind (Pribor et al. 1993).

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Strategic Management - Essay Example In this paper, the analysis of strategic management will revolve around a small family business dealing with laundry appliances repair with only two employees precisely a father working as the technician and his son handling matters to do with administration. Strategic management comes along with many benefits to a business. Thomas and David Hunger maintain that firms that incorporate strategic management into their daily activities always â€Å"outperform† those firms that do not. When a firm enlarges, it becomes hard for it to afford following intuitive strategies. This is because, upon enlargement, a firm’s environment or its layers of management changes substantially (Wheelen & Hunger, 2011). However, as working environment continues to be more complex due to ever changing systems of management in the world, today, firms are applying strategic management as a form of cooperating and making the environment more manageable. Strategic management is beneficial to a firm mainly because it facilitates collection of information and formulation of policies. The laundry firm can use strategic management policies to gather information from external and internal environment which in turn corporate formulation of variables in the firm. With globalization comes broad market. In this case, globalization enables a firm identify general forces that include societal and natural environments that make it easier to identify different clusters of competitors and customers making it easier to combine a sustainable environment. It is necessary for a firm to have the suitable information in order to find ways in which it can fulfill its goals via its corporate mission (Wheelen & Hunger, 2011). Globalization makes it possible for a firm to have structural, resourceful, and cultural information, which is important for a firm to enhance its corporate strategy. In addition, strategic management enables a firm to implement the set policies and formulate the gathered info rmation, which facilitates assessment of its capabilities. This in turn draws measures that enable the firm to satisfy its clientele by improving its distribution of products and services via an organized system. The impacts of environmental sustainability to a business are many. For the laundry firm to achieve the best in its line of business, it must set in place models that play an important role towards creation a sustainable environment. This shows that businesses should have models that contribute to a healthy and safe environment. According to environmental experts, a safe environment provides a platform for economic growth and business sustainable development. In order to get benefits that come along with sustained environment, a firm must address environmental issues such as pollution. As such, this laundry firm should seek to address environmental problems in order to enjoy innovative solutions brought by new market opportunities (Wheelen & Hunger, 2011). In addressing com ponents involved in the environmental scanning and industry analysis process, analysts revolve around environmental assessment, forecasting, and monitoring. In this case, environmental scanning deals with macro environment, which consists of competitors, industries, clients, markets, and companies. Environmental scanning thus interprets technological and economic events as well as political trends that are influential to a

Appeal letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Appeal letter - Essay Example I do not have the courage to go to class without my homework. I am not confident enough to discuss my situation with my professor as well as the advisor. And after 3 class absences, I feared to go to the class hence making me get away from the class. The result of my irresponsibility was that I got an â€Å"F† or â€Å"UW†. I truly rue about my poor and irresponsible study attitude at Otis. I wish you are able to give me one more chance to continue my study at Otis. If I have a chance to get back to school, I promise that I will not be absent in any class again. If I have any problems or difficulties about my class work, I will discuss the same with my instructor in an active manner. I will face the difficulties instead of evading the issue. Also, I will work really hard on my work as I believe I have the ability to finish my class if I work hard. (I have also attached my 2010 summer academic record at UCLA to support that I have the ability to finish the program of com pleting the degree program at Otis). I promise my poor academic performance which was the result of these circumstances have been demonstrably corrected and it no longer influences my academic standing. I have considered carefully and thus propose a schedule for completion of my degree.

Managing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

Managing - Essay Example Foucault was a philosopher from French whose ideas and knowledge along with the statements were highly acclaimed. His work can be identified in the domain of power and knowledge, which has been widely practiced in the present day context. As per the study of the author, knowledge and power are identified to move hand-in-hand in an organisation. They are inseparable aspects to a greater extent. People who are levied with enormous power will also need to have proper grasp over knowledge in order to execute effective decision-making (Plunkett & et. al., 2012). Institutions holding enormous power will be able to create as well as normalise the society with the help of knowledge and truth (Clegg & Handy, 1999). In this context, the particular essay intends to focus on depicting the importance of power relations with regard to the statement made by Foucault (2007). The study focuses on obtaining required insight on subjectification, discourse and discipline through understanding gained fro m secondary studies. Literature will be explored to achieve the aim of the essay and to support Foucault theories.. According to Foucault (2007), power has least resemblance with ethics. Ethics is a moral philosophy, which is least practiced or adhered in the domain of power within businesses or any other sectors. Practices and power relationship are aligned with one another. Subsequently, the author noted that power could be seen in various domains of the society including decision making of the government, operations of business units in different parts of the world and in the political domain among others. Power is considered by Foucault (2007) to be both intelligible as well as acceptable (Izak, 2015). Power is regarded as the ability or the authority of any individual to influence people to work efficiently and meet the desired objectives and goals of

Current Event Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Current Event Paper - Assignment Example Repairs and maintenance, raw materials, merchandise, finished goods are various examples of inventory. A medical centre in the University of Maryland has initiation on the use of fingerprint scanners and pseudo codes for drug delivery by mobile controlled robot. This comes after a risk of drug and narcotics theft and mishandling cases in the world hospitals has become a topic of discussion. High-tech solution has a consideration of radio frequency on tag identification and password initiation in the dispensing machines. Robotic prescription delivery software is in the application that monitors any suspicions. This helps the medics, nurses and patients as it has a tracking for errant medications and can make full calculations and corrections (Landro, 2014). This medication programme has a close relation to the inventory management. It has full reflection of inventory management function, in helping and decoupling operations in hospitals, and protection against medical thefts. Encompassing of list is on point in this article, and password- protected operation and robotics signify full inventory control. Article URL:

Narcissistic Leaders Essay Example for Free

Narcissistic Leaders Essay Big business today can be largely attributed to CEOs and leaders that are narcissistic. These leaders tend to be the center of attention more so now days then they used to be which is something a narcissistic person enjoys. Narcissists have been in business for a long time and have made great strides. People such as Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Thomas Edison, and Henry Ford were narcissists that were very successful business men. Narcissism may have been a good trait to achieve a high status in business but it can also make the person dangerous or not very likable. Heinz Kohut and Freud looked deeper into the theory and found that it could be treated by properly trained clinicians. Jack Welch and George Soros are prime examples of people who are what is called a productive narcissist; they strive to make a difference in the world and make a name for themselves. But narcissism can be bad enough that you believe that things are out to stand in your way of achievement and therefore you trust no one. Narcissists can sometimes become overly ambitious and shoot to high which can cause them to end up losing everything. Gyllenhammar is a prime example, he chose to not listen to anyone and found himself in court being forced to resign. Freud narrowed the main personality types down to erotic, obsessive, and narcissistic. Those with an erotic personality need to be loved by others that is the most important element of life to them. These types of people tend to be teachers, nurses or social workers. At their best, they help better the young and are a big help when working. They have a positive effect on those around them in the workplace. Freud referred to them as outer directed people. Freud referred to obsessives as inner directed. They are very in tune with what is going on and look to themselves to resolve conflicts. They are obsessed with improvement when working because by nature they value moral improvement over everything else. They tend to go into a field of work that spurs their interest but they don’t have what it takes to go from slightly above average to amazing. At their best they shoot high, and do what is necessary for the business to succeed. When productive they work well with others but when unproductive they usually don’t succeed. Narcissists are very self-indulged and don’t care much for others. When it comes to business they know their field inside and out and go above and beyond. Narcissists are extremely hungry for knowledge about their business. They desire to be admired by others but not necessarily loved. Maccoby (2000) states that unlike obsessives, they are not troubled by a punishing superego, so they are able to be very aggressive in pursuit of their goals. Maccoby (2000) goes on to say of all the personality types, narcissists run the greatest risk of isolating themselves at the moment of success. And because of their independence and aggressiveness, they are constantly looking out for enemies, sometimes degenerating into paranoia when they are under extreme stress. Obsessives as leaders tend to try and expand on a safe level that is practical and likely to benefit the company. Narcissists want more, they go all out and take big risks that if they work as planned will greatly benefit the business; but it is not as likely to work. Narcissists may hide it well but they feed of f of praise and recognition of followers. Without that admiration narcissists become overwhelmed, but too much admiration can cause them to feel too superior this can lead to dangerous acts that may be detrimental to the business. Narcissists can’t handle criticism; they remain out of tune with their emotions as much as possible. Due to the fact that narcissists can’t deal with being criticized they tend to completely ignore negative comments toward them. Narcissists also have no compassion what so ever. They can perform acts that may anger or sadden someone without any remorse. They are so independent that they don’t like to mentor anyone or be mentored. Competition is a narcissist’s forte; they get so into it that they would do almost anything to be the best. A trust-worthy sidekick has to be someone they can relate to and keeps him down to earth. They believe that everyone around them should think the same thing that they do even if it involves brainwashing. They are control-freaks, and want to know everything that’s going on at all times. These productive narcissists make good leaders by nature but the rest of them sometimes can’t see their limitations and will end up in trouble. Maccoby (2000) sums this altogether with for companies whose narcissistic leaders recognize their limitations, these will be the best of times. For others, these could turn out to be the worst.

Market Leader In The Sports Clothing Industry Marketing Essay

Market Leader In The Sports Clothing Industry Marketing Essay Nike is widely recognized as the market leader in the sports clothing industry with good quality of its market share, profitability and universal reach .It was created by Phil Knight and his coach at Oregon University Bill Bowerman. Nikes goal then was to distribute low- cost, high-quality Japanese athletic shoes to American consumers .Nike maintains established and non-established distribution channels in more than 100 countries. Nikes targeting its main market regions: United States, Europe, Asia Pacific. Nikes utilize over 20,000 retailers As a result, for the fiscal year end 2011, Nikes 20,700 employees generated almost $18.8 billion in revenue. Products Nikes prime product focus is the athletic footwear designed for particular-sport and leisure uses . Nikes also sell athletic clothing carrying the similar trademarks and brand names as many of Nikes footwear lines. Nikes most accepted product categories include the following: Running , Basketball , Cross-Training , Outdoor Activities , Tennis , Golf , Soccer , Baseball , Football , Bicycling , Volleyball , Wrestling , Cheerleading , Aquatic Activities , Auto Racing , Other athletic and leisure uses. Mission Statement Nikes mission is to be improved than all others in the athletic industry. In order to retain position by providing excellence footwear, attire and equipment to traditions and individual consumers of all ages and lifestyles . To manufacture Nikes products straightforward available worldwide through the develop of retail outlets, mail order and Nikes company website. Values Statement Nike always focuses its promise to all stakeholders by continuing to make steps towards being a company that sets the patterns in social responsibility. Nike is constantly making efforts to make sure that all employees and members of its surrounding communities are satisfied in a behavior that is in line with Nikes mission. Nike has through many alliances with human rights associations in an effort to guarantee lab Nikes rights for employees of the manufacturing overseas. They are devoted to treating Nikes employees with the greatest respect, which is revealed in Nikes recompense and human Resources Nikes the policies. Nicks also loyal to making sound decisions in regards to Nikes environment, and the scrap against pollution. Long-term Corporate Objectives The following are Nike Inc.s 5-Year long-term corporate objectives: Continue Nikes progress in stockholders return on equity to achieve a 20.0% return in 2010. This would be an raise of almost 6.5% from 2011. Increase earnings per share to $2.70 per diluted share of 2008 in an overall effort to encourage the long-term resilience of Nikes stocks value. This would surpass Nikes 2007 record high. Market Characteristics :- The athletic footwear industry is a demanding and immersed market. Severe competition, fashion trends, and price conscious consumers have considered growth in this industry. Manufacturers are struggling listless sales with primary new styles, along with offering more styles at lower price aims. Organizations are looking for new ways to increase sales by capitalizing on direct Internet sales to customers. Therefore, companies with strong brands will progressively turn to international markets for development. Customer and Customer Knowledge In 1972, Nike proposed at positioning its product to the niche market of serious competitive athletes. As a result targeting and segmenting their markets for people aged in their 20s, which led Nike to focus on developing high recitation running shoes. They cooperative the customers request and understanding with the existing technology and transform that into a knowledge based core competency. All together the Nike swoosh logo expanded attractiveness amongst athletes and Tele-adverts and so was fashion, which resulted in people impersonated their heroes and bought Nike more as a fashion statement. This helps Nike learn a lot about the perform Nikes s of the younger generation and realized that. As a result connecting them Nike today is the world leader in athletic footwear. COMPETITOR : Reebok, in the conditions of their products, is not completely different from Nike. Reebok is concerned with the design and marketing of both athletic and non-athletic footwear and clothing, as well as other various fitness projects. Reeboks market share is an isolated third in the footwear industry at 11.2% (compared to 30.4% and 15.5% for Nike and Adidas respectively). Reeboks financial position has been steadily slipping for a number of years. This is obvious in their declining stock price, which has reduced by over 80 percent in the last Nikes years. THE STRATEGIC PLAN Grand Strategy : Nike Inc. Can develop the complete structured approach to select a grand strategy in carrying out beyond the corporate objectives. Nike has such a strong history of effective marketing in explanation global regions. Market development strategy for consideration due to Nikes capability to geographically raise Nikes product offerings. The strategies are very directly linked. To decide which would succeed in Nikes prevailing strategic position, Nikes evaluation criteria were biased according to the companys strategy: distinctive competency, culture, timing, and demographics. With a total weighted score of 4.40 product development exceed second placing, concentration, and third place, market development. Marketing and Advertising Nike marketing and advertising campaigns are a big and its Nikes one of the competitive advantage. Nike is well-known best of its strategy of using celebrity athletes supports. They simply want the best of the athletes in the world to be related to them. The procedure used by the associates at Nike would be dominant on potential signers. Not only do they intimidate the star but also create an overpowering response. This helps them to strengthen their bargaining power and attract its sign to aspire to being in such great company . Design Development/Innovation -According to Mark Parker (2010) In his CSR report confirmed that when they recognized their 2 core competencies design and innovation, it was through in order to bear about social and environmental change. According to Phil Knight ( 2010 ) believes that there are 7 brand succession in order to stay ahead, consequently enormous expenditure on continuous strategic knowledge development and innovation. Since Nike had already taken place gaining attractiveness amongst the young people along with being there for athletes, they attained 2 key strategic decisions, One was expanded their existing range of products for athletes and move into different sporting groups. Secondly they improved their overall apparel range for both competition and informal wear as well. Design and development turn into their core competencies. They recognized they had a considerable market in terms of fashion as well. Innovation is in the strength of Nike, Incs business strategy tod ay. Supply Chain Management According to Stonehouse Minocha (2008) Nike as a brand fast comprehend through its value chain process that its force put down in design and Development, marketing and structure customer relationships. They identified manufacturing is something they didnt attempt on, so once they developed a new product in Portland, they manufacturing to China, Taiwan and Brazil while imposing insensitive excellence standards, Nike over the years has guaranteed its partners over the years with its brand name and its services. Not only do they contribute to their customer knowledge with them but also share a munificent premium price. They concentrated their retail stores from 32 to 5 in Europe with its head office in the Netherlands and warehousing in Belgium in order to make the in general supply more successful based on demand. According to Lewin (1952) stated that change is an important part of any strategic evaluation and implementation. He developed a 3 stage model in order to describe the process which included à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Unfreezing of current attitudes: which recognizes the change à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Moving to a new level: effect the change à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Refreshing attitudes at the new level: change is supported by behavioral changes When investigating the process of strategic change, we usually come across the nature of the change and the amount of the change. According to the Scholes Whittington (2008) In the case of Nike, the development of strategic change is incrementally transformational and the type of strategic change is Evolutionary, Nike states that moreover they can move fast now in order to classify themselves for the future of a sustainable economy or soaking expression at risk of being forced to change. Since Nike has been on the objectionable realizing the impacts of environmental change, further rising cost of peaking oil prices, rising population. Early in 1990 the firm taking place to centered on environmental issues with a small group of employees in the Nike environmental develop them. They primarily started with recycling programs but placement 1998, recognized their own sustainability policy. Their development from a standard compliance move towards to an across the board corporate sustaina bility strategy including sustainable design concepts which led them to strong financial, brand and environmental benefits. According to IEHN (2010) Not only they direct to adjust the environmental challenges as a competitive advantage but also envisioned a sustainable business strategy. Their timing couldnt have been improved as they were criticized in the 1990s for being an environmentally careless and sloppy company for operating sweatshops in Asia using underage workers . Nikes also been charged of using chemicals in less industrialized countries in consequence polluting their waters. Nike rapidly responded to this by working with outside agencies like sustainability partners, focusing on product designs since innovation is their prime strength. They also guarantee their global suppliers adopted exacting environmental standards in manufacturing processes, by keeping costs low and improving product quality. They set up computer structure for their Asian suppliers in order to calculate investment costs for environmental projects. They optimistic away from adverse toxic substances to an encouraging list of substances. Their involvement with the Natural Step led to 65 new pilot projects which resulted on sustainable product design. They effectively produced a total savings of $4.5million by mid 2000, which ultimately benefited approximately 180,000 workers in more than 37 factories in Asia. They in fact resolute PVC from the footwear and looked major criticism from the Vinyl industry but then again they managed to reduce the PVC content to 2% in 2004 from 33% in 1999. This made them more dependent on unprocessed cotton and they ended up join forces with roughly 50 companies to form an organic exchange, with the goal of raising the global organic share of cotton from 0.05%-10%. Facilitating change The vision of Phil Knight the CEO himself, to make Nike a scalable and sustainable business model in order to succeed as leaders of the clothing industry . The observation of the BOD, executive leadership team to identify the potential implications of their business to come forward as a survivor with a competitive structure. Make sure that the sustainable business and innovation team underline on key business priority, which consist of, sustainable -products, manufacturing and marketplaces. A team of 130 committed employees working directly with sustainability specialists from other departments such as retail, logistics and IT. Nikes also diverse employee base of 30,000 people, irrespective of their cultural backgrounds, successful on creativity, innovation and development of strategic knowledge. Having a aptitude strategy focusing on coaching, mentoring and online learning.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Heavy investment made by HR depth in areas of sustainable talent exercises and infrastructure.. Increased overall efficiencies and reduced waste and costs. Managing adverse publicity for the brand, with a quick response from the senior management. Leaders including Nikes age employees to think creatively-both strong and informal work ethic. Blockages According to Scholes (2008)Now looking at the way Nike functions and the way it changed strategically one recognize the strength at Nike being its work force. The culture which subsists at Nike shows that the company succeeds in innovation of new products in a sustainable way Nike in order to continue being the leading athletic brand in the world. Nike its not all about doing business businesses with others, but its all about recognizing prospect sustainability through productivity. They expand their bench strength while their HR Dept focuses on resourcefully. Culture: According to Scholes (2008) Phil Knight is an ex athlete of long distance organization and this culture can have its manage on the strategy itself, since organizations can be disposed by their culture which is made up of the people leading it. Managers expressed by this change are most positively likely to understanding with it with what they recognize . Now this in the case of Nike was when Phil Knight apprehends this while being criticized for his ways in the late 1990s regarding young workers in Asia IEHN (2010). Nike immediately developed a strategy of becoming more environmentally sustainable and welcoming. Put in stricter process and implemented them severe environmental standards across its development processes. Going back to the cultural web at the company Their leaders regularly work daily in order to make sure that Nike as a company realizes its potential to Nikes more than 30,000 of its workers to achieve their potential .This is their way of doing things on a daily basis to issue their employ potential and has been effective for them since they reconsidered their strategy back in the 90s. They have an aptitude strategy were in their focus on task planning and manager accountabilities in order to train and advise and also offers classroom learning and online learning. Their ability reviews are straight linked to their business strategic precedence. The HR Dept of Nike has been seriously spent in talent programs and communications. They had a guided workshop which is to be commenced in FY 10 which will focus on how assortment drives creativity and innovation. In FY08 the DI team formed the culture as a transgression in order to discover how Nike could use their customs as their Competitive Advantage. They had a whole day of workshops where members of the strategy panel spoke to the new crew at Nike. This assisted them share their point of view with the high level assessment makers. The CAO model is being used efficiently as a model for intergenerational dialogue. Nike has a powerful construction wherein they utilize their middle management to correspond ideas in a bottom up move towards which thus offer the executives with the capability to put together strategic plans. They have the understanding of design, innovation and creativeness and their manufacturing is also a Competitive Advantage to them. Recommendations:- Nikes strategy would be to function in a congested loop model according to Nike (2010) which is to attain zero waste by entirely recycling all materials. They need to spend in sustainability as an input innovation/RD main concern, beside fast track innovation during concerted investments. They would need to begin the GreenXchange program in order to contribute to intellectual possessions in order to fast track the changes. A support body is needed to encourage large scale policies investing in sustainable innovation as a main enabler for financial competitiveness. I consider to the Macro environment they need to atrium the environmental policies, since they believe thats essential for their existences . Theyre functioning like a trading company in order to get around currency fluctuations to have time for a financial remodelling would be favorable to them. Keeping their core competencies of design and innovation in brain, they need to maintain investing closely in consumer knowledge by repeatedly segmenting the market to comprehend the demand customers needs. Their competitive advantage is their customers, their marketing, design and innovation beside with their supply chain, which adds importance at each level. Their potential business objectives bearing in mind in mind these factors of competitive advantage and their shift of an evolutionary transformational change make sense, since they rapidly foresighted their business model back in 1990s after their reflection was troubled in the sweatshops. Word Count : 2592

Masters Of The Universe :: essays research papers fc

One of the few remaining mysteries of science is the black hole. When a star runs out of fuel to keep it burning, it explodes into a supernova(Intro. to Black Holes 1) After a supernova, some of the matter that was blown off leaves in pockets to different places in space. These pockets contract to from a pulsar, or new born star. The rest of the matter left from the massive explosion of the supernova comes back together forming a neutron star. If the dead star was too massive, the neutron star will be so large that its own gravity will crush it(Intro. To Black Holes 1). This is called its maximum density(Filkin 202). After all of the matter has collapsed in on itself, it becomes a black hole(Filkin 202). After being compressed infinitely, almost to nothing, the point in space that it makes is called a singularity(Filkin 216). The singularity is the bottom of the black hole. Every stellar body has an escape velocity(Intro. to Black Holes 1). The escape velocity is the speed at which one must be going to escape the gravity of the object in question(Intro. to Black Holes 1). The Earth’s escape velocity is seven miles per second(Intro. to Black Holes 1). This means that to leave the Earth’s gravitational pull, you must be able to travel at least seven miles per second(Intro. to Black Holes 1). To escape a black hole, your velocity must reach at least the speed of light(Intro. to Black Holes 1). Because the speed of light(186,000 miles per second) is not possible because you must have infinite force to achieve the speed of light, nothing can escape a black hole’s gravitational field(Intro. to Black Holes 1). This is why a black hole is a black hole. No light can escape from it, therefore, we cannot see it. A binary star system consists of two stars that orbit around each other. They were discovered by Yakov Zeldovitch(Filkin 224). Sometimes, one star in a binary star system will die and become a black hole. When this happens, the force of the black hole’s gravity will literally suck the matter away from it’s sibling, and in doing this emitting X-rays that can be received on Earth(Filkin 225). This is one way that astronomers can find black holes. It is possible that our galaxy is powered by a black hole(Freedman 69). Astronomers Linda Dressel, Tim Heckman, Roeland Van Der Marel and Meg Urry are looking into this(Olson 48).

The Florida Everglades Essays -- Ecology of Everglades

Introduction Maintaining ecological diversity is necessary for the survival of a biological community. In the United States, American citizens are on the verge of irrevocably damaging one of the country's most unique and diverse treasures - the Florida Everglades. This national park is now the only remaining patch of a river that used to span 120 miles from Lake Okeechobee to the Florida Bay. Dikes and levees created by the Army Corps of Engineers in the late 1940's drained this river to reduce flooding and increase useable water for the development of the region. This major diversion of water lead to a trickle down effect causing the continual decline of the environmental state of the Everglades. Since then, debates over the Everglades' future have silently raged on for years about how, why, and when the restoration will begin. This ongoing, but virtually unproductive effort has cost taxpayers a great deal without any apparent benefits. Recently, this debate has been amplified by the voices of t he sugar industry in Florida, which was attacked for its major contribution to pollution of the Everglades. Now debates rage on with a new effort called the Restudy. Backed by the Army Corps of Engineers, this effort would change the flow of the Everglades, potentially restoring it into the viable community of life that it used to be. The question now is, will this latest attempt to restore the Everglades ever be realized (thus ending the cyclic Everglades debate) or will it simply add up to one more notch on the bedpost of inadequate and failed attempts to save this national treasure. The world is watching to see how the United States will handle this unprecedented cleanup. The Everglades Defined "Here are no lofty peaks seeking ... ...Science News, 155, 252-254. Lauber, P. (1973). Everglades Country. New York: The Viking Press. Levin, T. (1998, June/July). Listening to wildlife in the Everglades. National Wildlife, 36, 20- 31. McCally, D. (1999). The Everglades: An Environmental History. Gainsville: University Press of Florida. Myers, V. (1994, December). The Everglades: Researchers take a new approach to an old problem. Sea Frontiers, 40, 15-16. Regaldo, Nanciann. Planning for South Florida's future: The Central and Southern Florida Project. Online. National Park Service Homepage. Internet. 21 September 1999. Available: www.nps.gov Reichhardt, T. (1999, February). Everglades plan flawed, claim ecologists. Nature, 397, 462. Richey, W. (1997, August). Saving Everglades: Who should pay? Christian Science Monitor, 89, 3. Wasserman, H. (1996, December). Burnt Sugar. Nation, 263, 6.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder :: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD

After experiencing a traumatic event, the mind has been known to horde away the details and memories and then send them back at unexpected times and places, sometimes after years have passed. It does so in a haunting way that makes the recall just as disturbing as the original event. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the name for the acquired mental condition that follows a psychologically distressing event "outside the range of usual human experience" (Bernstein, et al). There are five diagnostic criteria for this disorder and there are no cures for this affliction, only therapies which lessen the burden of the symptoms. The root of the disorder is a traumatic event which implants itself so firmly in the mind that the person may be shackled by the pain and distress of the event indeinately, experiencing it again and again as the mind stays connected with the past rather than the present, making it difficult to think of the future. The research on this topic is all rather recent as the disorder was only added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) in the last twenty years. Yet, the disorder is quite common, threatening to control and damage the lives of approximately eight percent of the American population [5% of men and 10% of women]. Any person is a potential candidate for developing PTSD if subject to enough stress. There is no predictor or determining factor as to who will develop PTSD and who will not. Although all people who suffer from it have experienced a traumatic event, not all people who experience a traumatic event will develop PTSD. Each persons individual capacity for coping with catastrophic events determines their risk of acquiring PTSD. And not everyone will experience the same symptoms; some may suffer only a few mild symptoms for a short period of time, others may be completely absorbed, still others who experience great trauma may never develop any s ymptoms at all (Friedman). More than any other psychological problem, symptoms are a reaction to an overwhelming external event, or series of events. From a historical perspective, the concept of PTSD made a significant change in the usual stipulation that the cause of a disorder could be outside of the self, rather than some inherent individual weakness (Friedman).

Smart Devices and System in Our Homes

The problems that we can discus in this part is about the introduction of smart devices and system in our homes, the risk and threats linked to them, and respectively to the smart home inhabitants will grow. So, the digital world as we know it now has gradually developed standards, protocols, interface, operating systems, programming models and architectures during the last 50 decades, making both computing and networking a type of plug-and- play environment. Nowadays the smart homes and its services, from a highly heterogeneous environment, which presents a significant challenge for future users and manufacturers. So, healthcare services contain unknown so far danger for human's life. The scenario of a villain causing a heart attack by remote intervention in a pacemaker or shutting down an insulin pump on a diabetic is not in the realm of movies but occur due to real sensitive that exist in connected medical devices. Furthermore, these are rather worrying facts, bearing in mind that between 1993 and 2009, 2.9 million patients received permanent pacemakers in the united states with this this number constantly increasing. The cyber threats are any identified effort directed toward access to, exfiltration of, manipulation of, or impairment to the integrity, confidentiality, security, or availability of data, an application, or a federal system, without lawful authority.In our everyday life, a threat to our home can be an open window or unlocked door, an iron or cooker that are not turned off or water running from an open tap. In future smart homes, in addition to the threats related to the household appliance, there can emerge dangers directed to the health or life of the inhabitants. The consequences of cyber-attacks can lead to serious problems like access sensitives information, espionage, data theft, financial losses. The nature, complexity, and severity of the cyber threats are increasing in time, which makes it difficult to build a good classification framework.Potential consequences of cyber-attacks can be:Rejection of service DOS targeting the sensors, video surveillance or communication system.Data integrity violation or data modification in communication media.System breaking with unauthorized access to network resources or system integration resources.The good transact with the attack, it is:To have an operating intrusion detection system.To have an attack prevention system.To maintain reliable identification, authentication and access control.To support leakage monitoring information.To employ reliable and effective communication protocol.To operate secure integrating system and external communication system.

Instruction †Learning Environment Essay

The surroundings in which children learn can greatly influence their academic performance and well-being in school. The architecture, layout, dà ©cor and facilities of their school all play a vital role in shaping the learning environment, yet the importance of this particular aspect of school life can often be overlooked. Does your school have difficulty creating surroundings and facilities which complement teaching and learning in the twenty-first century? Read on to find out about some of the current initiatives helping schools raise achievement through creating an inspirational education environment. A number of schools around the country are still languishing in the Victorian era, with crumbling walls and limited resources. It seems that many schools in the twenty-first century — particularly secondary schools — have to shoehorn modern-day learning and up-to-date resources into nineteenth-century surroundings. Only a tiny proportion of today’s schools have been built since the mid 1970s, and with a few generations of children stampeding through their relatively modern facilities, many of these buildings are also edging towards the end of their natural life span. More schools could benefit from a lateral approach to environmental design with its users as the prime focus  Ã¢â‚¬â€ preferably in consultation with them.

Fan, Ying : Branding the Nation: What Is Being Branded?

Fan, Ying : Branding the nation: What is being branded? Journal of Vacation Marketing Volume 12 Number 1. 2005 p. 4-13 Abstract: The paper by Fan explains what nation branding is. So first the difference between Nation branding and Nation brand is explained. Every Nation has a certain image with or without Nation branding. It examines the concept of nation branding, focusing especially on the question of what is being branded. The paper tries to explain what nation branding is and tries to explain the differences between on the one hand nation branding and product branding and on the other hand nation branding and product- country image. Furthermore it discusses paradoxical issues of nation branding and tries to give a broader context in which nation branding can be applied. But to find out how nation branding could help economic development in a country , more research is needed. It is hard to say how important the role of nation branding really is. Key Words: ation branding, country branding, country-of-origin effect, product- country image, place marketing The author: The paper is written by Ying Fan a senior lecturer at Brunel Business School, Brunel University in London. Dr Fan has held faculty positions at the universities of Lincoln, Hertfordshire and Durham. His research interests surround branding and marketing communications, and cross-cultural management issues. Topic: Branding the nation: What is being branded? The major topic of the paper is what nation branding is and what the purpose of nation branding is. Research question : What is being branded? Is a nation brand a separate entity, or an element in the product brand? What is the direction of the correlation between countries that have produced strong brands and those that are strong brands themselves ? Method : The research method is a literary analysis Material and Structure of the paper: On the first page of his paper contact informations, informations on the author including a photo of Fan are given. An Abstract sums up the Keywords and gives an overview over the article. All in all the paper of Fan is 9 pages long and is structured in the chapters: Introduction What is Nation Branding? What is being branded? Nation branding and product branding Nation brand image and product-country image Paradoxes The broader context For a further understanding Fan gives 3 Tables: Terms used in the literature ; Examples of nation branding where he gives 5 examples and explains what is being branded and a table on Comparison between nation branding and product branding . In his paper Fan makes indirect citations which are listed in the references. Here the references are ordered by appearance in the text not alphabetically. The paper is easy to read and understand, it gives a good overview of the topic nation branding. The structure is easy to follow. The paper is anonymously refereed. Finding of the article : The author points out that there is no single definition on nation branding but gives a working definition for the paper: ‘Nation branding concerns applying branding and marketing communications techniques to promote a nation’s image. Nation branding can be used in different ways: using the nation’s image to promote sales and exports ; place branding which is part of tourism marketing ; political marketing for example the expression â€Å"axis of evil†; Nation branding in it's true sense like Cool Britannia. The author points out that a nation is not a product in the conventional sense . The Nation itself can hardly be changed, the benefits are purely emotional, the Image is complicated and the ownership is unclear. A nation brand is not centered on any specific product, service or cause that can be promoted directly to the customer. But Nation branding concerns a countries whole image, covering political, economic, historical and cultural dimensions. A Nation has not one but multiple images. What image is retrieved depends on the audience , the context and the time. The author finds out that negative national image does not necessarily affect the purchase of products made by that country, by giving the example of Japan and China. The author tries to find out the direction of the correlation between countries that have produced strong brands and those that are strong brands themselves . Nation branding must be distinctive and help the country to position itself against competitors . A difficulty is that an international audience have a different degree of knowledge of a nation and each country has different cultural values, thus decodes the message differently. Nation branding often try to communicate a single image or message to different audiences in different countries . This renders for the author the message meaningless, but to try to be all things to all people will in the opinion of the author inevitably fail . What is the message a nation wants to send, give up a old but unique image in favor of the new image. This can fail like for example â€Å"Cool Britannia† did. Another difficulty in nation branding is that a national identity is very difficult to define. Furthermore in nation branding, an understanding of the customers’ existing perception of the nation is very important. A certain image is made over time. Another important aspect of nation branding is the internal audience. The author points out that Nation branding is just one part of a marketing strategy which is part of the business strategy and that often nation branding is overestimated even if it is a powerful tool. It is for example not sufficient for the country to promote its image enthusiastically to other nations if the economic basis for the nation brand is not there or the political situation is unstable. The image problem of a region or nation most often results from political and socio-economic troubles which must be solved, nation branding will not solve a country’s problems but only serves as the final touch .

A Review of The Dream Society Essay

It is not easy to talk about businesses and make them appeal not only to a niche market but to all people. Most often, a book that talks about business, marketing strategies, and corporate culture is believed to be complex and even boring at some point. This I believe makes Rolf Jensen’s creatively written book entitled The Dream Society: How the Coming Shift from Information to Imagination Will Transform Your Business a deviation from the complex and difficult-to-understand image of business books. The book is about the noticeable reality emerging in today’s business cycle of how the tales and stories behind the products become essential factors that help the product sell. Jensen managed, in his insightful book, to produce an enlightening analysis of today’s business culture and predict a futuristic direction for companies without losing his readers in hard-to-understand concepts and difficult-to-memorize theories. The book revolves around the idea that more than information, imagination will be the biggest selling point of the products in the future. As time progresses and as competitions among companies become tighter and more profound, people become more and more interested on the stories behind the product than just the product itself. A book that intends to explain the flow of the market is often deemed an instructional book that offers tips and suggestions. The Dream Society is very different because it focuses on the trends and phenomena that are observable in the market but are easily missed or not looked upon twice. The book has promising value because it laid down facts along with interesting trivia and anecdotes that would not normally appear in boring business books. Jensen’s work is definitely able to capture the attention of his readers as he talks about how markets today target the consumers’ emotional needs and how some successful companies like Disney, Nike, and Rolex supply these needs by utilizing whatever tales they have that appeal to people’s hearts. Jensen, a talented and knowledgeable scholar, notices how this trend had slowly become the root of huge demands from these companies and he discusses how this marketing strategy will adamantly shape the future of business and corporate culture. Classified under the â€Å"classic Dream Society logic†, these companies are just among those who are able to understand that what the market wants are stories and appeals on their emotional side (Jensen, 2001, p. 3). Companies known as the Dream Society are predictably the ones who will be able to dominate the business world in the future because they could deliver what the consumers want. The Dream Society is actually a vital piece of work that would relate to academic, sociological, and corporate issues. It revolves around the question of what really sells today. Based on the careful research of the author, it is evident that society will give more attention to the stories behind the products and would direct its consumption towards things or objects that appeal to the heart. I felt that the author wants the book to focus more on providing its readers an outward perspective of the market because it narrates in a futuristic sense, providing all the facts of today that are in line with a potential market. The author iss able to achieve this through subtle narrations of personal experiences, analysis on how markets transform and direct attributions to organizations that make use of the consumers’ needs for emotional satisfaction. I noticed that even when the author is speaking in the first person perspective, he never lose credibility of the facts he is stating. Also, despite tackling a very sensitive topic, the book is actually written in a simple manner, organized thoroughly, and given a unique spark by the thought-provoking writing style of Jensen. These characteristics definitely set out the book differently from the others. Jensen’s work appeals to readers because of its insightful and interesting attack of useful topics. It tackles not just facts about huge businesses, but also realities about the people who work behind them. According to the book, more than IQ, EQ is also equally, if not at times, more important in making a person successful. The ability to build good relationships often brings people to the top. What makes the book more appealing is that it addresses a reality that is already being enjoyed by half of the huge organizations while the other half remains ignorant or in denial of it. Jensen’s work offers a fresher and more honest perspective of the transformation of businesses that should not be overlooked. In corporate culture, businesses that focus on being closer to the emotional weaknesses of people guarantee more support from these consumers. The Dream Society also highlights how success stories of companies surpassing adversities and odds become essential tools in dominating the corporate culture. The Dream Society highlights the value of storytelling and the treatment of emotions as commodity as a part of the future of businesses. Products that are packaged in a more imaginative way have the ability to tap the emotions and support of the consumers. The author’s concrete example in the early parts of the book about consumers wanting to buy eggs that are naturally made even if they cost higher emphasize the argument that Jensen wants to present in this book that consumers buy with their hearts and it is bound to be this way for a very long time. Jensen’s work is an understandable prediction for business transformations in the coming decades but it neither offers guarantees nor detailed specific steps of what business owners and corporate leaders should do to make their make their businesses more successful. It only narrates the facts and what influences the market but it could not be considered a guide or directional book. It is an easy, unconventional, very informative, and enjoyable book to read that addresses realities about the market and the corporate world, but it could still not be classified as a guide book on business and how businesses should be run. One of the book’s most creative lines in describing how a business is run is that â€Å"managing a company means staging a drama, daily† (Jensen, 2001, p. 134). And this drama, the strategy of commercializing emotions, and storytelling to appeal to the hearts of the people makes product sell. The Dream Society is definitely different from other business books I have encountered. The author is obviously very talented not only in writing but also in making careful analysis about the future direction of the world’s market. Understanding the needs of the consumers is one of the most basic rules in marketing strategies. Despite being unconventional, Jensen’s book should still be considered a business book because it offers insightful and important facts about the probable future of the market. Even if it is written with simplicity, this does not limit the valuable lessons and realities it shares to its readers and makes it invaluable to the world of business and corporate culture. Reference Jensen, R. (2001). The Dream Society: How the Coming Shift from Information to Imagination will Transform Your Business. McGraw-Hill: New York

Ancient Chinese Contributions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Ancient Chinese Contributions - Essay Example China can rightfully lay claim to numerous scientific discoveries and technological inventions which greatly enriched human civilization as these paved the way for global progress. This brief paper is a discussion and exposition of such ancient Chinese contributions to civilization. Chinese civilization had existed uninterrupted for several millennia and due to this fact, it was able to develop to such an extent that the ancient Chinese acquired or accumulated enough knowledge about the natural world and perceptive enough to make the right connections to make scientific discoveries based on their theories and hypothesis; the other useful connection was to make practical use of these discoveries through technological inventions and applications so as to make life easier for everybody. Theoretical knowledge was applied to everyday use and for this, world civilization has a lot to be thankful for because the discoveries and inventions of the ancient Chinese served as foundation for further scientific and technological progress to take place. Among the more prominent Chinese contributions are the compass, gunpowder, printing, paper, coal mining, pottery and porcelain, use of petroleum, sericulture, star atlas, and meridian. Based on the partial list mentioned above, the four most important contributions are the compass, gunpowder, paper, and printing. These four inventions contributed a lot to the progress and advance of world civilization as the use of these four discoveries spread worldwide. The four inventions can be considered as the most ingenious and innovative considering the great amount of knowledge, insight, and thinking that went into these four inventions and discoveries. Compass - its discovery was crucial to ship navigation and the eventual discovery of vast new lands and territories beyond the great oceans of the world. Although the compass was

Military Tradition of Ancient People Research Paper

Military Tradition of Ancient People - Research Paper Example The Mongol people had historically transformed from hunters and gatherers to nomadic herdsmen, and adopted numerous religious faiths within the leadership and its pollution, due to the vast interaction with people from neighboring territories. There is always an argument over the success of the Mongols army torn between quantity and quality in their functions, but the fact remains that they were well equipped and skilled for any conquest, being contributed by their geographical locations and effective political leadership to coordinate the military. The military force was organized effectively to accomplish the objectives of the empire; the Mongols culture, politics, and geographical locations played a big role to shape the strategic intelligence of the military, though the religious freedom among them paved way for the expansion of the empire as well as its decline. Geographical Location Mongolia is historically known to have been situated in the northern area of China and on the Ea st of the Altai Mountains. 1The region was a high plateau, covered with grass, which was sufficient for their herds grazing and associated with the successive emergence of ancient Mongolia tribesmen, to attack their sedentary neighbors. Therefore, as a way of life, the Mongols people were used to operating in the open grassland field that stretched from central parts of Europe into Asia. From the experience of horse riding in such fields, the nomads’ lifestyle on the steppes and the struggles they faced each day for survival came to shape the Mongolian forces that consisted the people from the steppe. According to 2Barnes, unlike the other European knights who were considered professionally trained, the Mongolian warriors or Mongolian force had experienced a tough lifestyle having to fight against each other and nature, to become hardy people before contributing to their abilities as warriors. As a result of their nomadic lifestyle, they taught their children how to ride hors es on the steppes, while grazing the animals at an early age. 3Meaning the children grew up with better skills in (horsemanship) riding, managing, and gallops. This was effective in their future armies’ movement across the different terrains, since their horses were strong to withstand the different conditions in vast lands, weather, and even their feed. The advantage of the steppes and the horse riding across them, and different lands patterns in the vast geographical regions, made both the horses and the riders develop legendary endurance to accomplish the objective of the Mongols army at any invasion. According to 4Carlton, the Mongols army appeared to move twice the pace of their enemies and often victorious, even if they were at a disadvantage than their opponents to achieve success. It simply means that their bodies had adjusted to harsh conditions, and could even travel for long distances without food or having to carry lot of bulky food. It follows the theory of evolu tion to winning the battle for survival, which associates sensory experience and environmental forces to improving the knowledge. Their experience in horse riding had made them become like natural horse riders providing them a high degree of flexibility and speed into distant territories. 5Barner further mentions that the riding skills were an advantage to them, such

Propaganda Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Propaganda - Research Paper Example According to Magstadt (147), Propaganda is the deliberate and a systematic effort to manipulate the perceptions, cognitions and or behavior using false, true or partial information in order for the informer to achieve certain specific responses that serves his or her intention. Propaganda may therefore passing information mainly to direct perception towards a certain point for the benefit of the propagandist. It therefore follows that propaganda may not benefit the audience but benefit only the architecture of the propaganda. Propaganda may also be intentional deception of individuals by changing their perceptions towards a particular issue. It can be engineered by the government or politicians for political reasons or just by an individual for self benefit. However, victims of propaganda do not often realize until they are completely deceived. Most of the times, propaganda is used to garner political support for politicians and they do this by spreading propaganda against their riva ls. However, it is important to clarify that propaganda is not only for political reasons but may be also witnessed by other societal organizations that have intensions of manipulating the perceptions of the people. The understanding of propaganda in a class setting has therefore to start with the differentiation of propaganda with the other forms of advocacy. There are other forms of advocacy that are used to persuade people and hence change their perception by not necessarily using lies and false information. From the explanation given above, it is clear that there is a difference between propaganda and other tools of persuasion. One idea that has come out is that with propaganda, is that the propagandists are willing and uses confusion and deception to change the people’s perception rather than ordinary persuasion and understanding (Magstadt, 148). Another difference is that they may take the opportunity that the audience do not have the full information and hence use part ial truth and partial lies to confuse them and make them believe. For example, in an organization, the leaders of that particular organization know very well that the information may not be true, however for the individuals in the organization that helps in the dissemination of the information; they might not know this. Bringing this difference in class aids in the understanding of propaganda as it it makes the members in a classroom stay focused and avoids confusion with other methods of advocacy. It also brings the concept clearer for the members in the classroom. It is therefore clear that propaganda is deliberate, deception and confusion that is intended to benefit individual interest or group of individuals. The techniques that are used to share propaganda are also very important. Since it is not a direct deception, it is important to outline the various techniques that are used by the propagandist to share information. The two commonly used avenues for sharing propaganda are t he advertisements through media and public relations. However the difference should come out clear between the advertisement that are meant to promote a commercial product and the advertisement that is only meant to share propaganda. It should be noted that the propaganda often takes a specific forma and is totally different from the commercial advertisements in the media. Propaganda often takes the political or nationalist kind of messages and hence should not be

The Pros and Cons of Allowing Media Presence in Combat Zones Essay

The Pros and Cons of Allowing Media Presence in Combat Zones - Essay Example The researcher states that although critics perceive the presence of the media in the combat zone as a defective step favoring military interests, large numbers of reporters viewed it as a victory for the people’s right to know. They argue that war reporting was substantially better than distant or impersonal reporting. Allowing the presence of the media in the combat zone may have advantages. First, the administration will learn to honor its pledge of freedom of the press and freedom of speech. Second, implanting the media will allow journalists to give ‘actual’ or ‘personal’ coverage or reports about the war, providing a more vivid picture of the chaos and horrors of war. Third, journalists on the combat zone could amend incorrect statements of military staff and unearth facts that may have been concealed by military officers. Ultimately, although critics claimed that reporters in the combat zone can get ‘intimate’ with military personn el, advocates emphasized that military officers can also provide additional ideas and disclose vital information to these implanted reporters. However, the practice posed many dilemmas to objective reporting of war activities. First, the rules for attaching reporters to combat units are not intended to allow unrestrained liberty to cover the war, but to make sure that the military account of the conflict is the only one publicized. Members of the press are not permitted to travel alone, which implies they could merely depend on a small number of sources aside from the military personnel. Interviews have to be documented, which implies average service personnel were less probable to scrutinize military operations or protocols. Officials are permitted to edit report and control electronic communication or broadcasts for ‘operational secrecy’ (Pfau et al., 2004) which may be described as anything the general in command of the troops wanted to expunge. Second, it would be h ard to stay neutral when journalists rely on the military for basic necessities like information, security, transportation, shelter, and food. Gordon Dillow, a reporter who experienced actual exposure in war, revealed (Exoo, 2009, 107): I found myself falling in love with my subject. I fell in love with ‘my’ marines. Maybe it’s understandable. When you live with the same guys for weeks, sharing their dreams and miseries, learning about their wives and girlfriends, their hopes and dreams, admiring their physical courage and strength, you start to

ENG TOPIC IN LITERATURE DB 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ENG TOPIC IN LITERATURE DB 3 - Essay Example Mother was among the group of ladies, talking to her friend the only other coloured lady, wife of the junior clerk in the company where my father worked. She was young, and married only a couple of years ago. In the absence of her friend, during earlier occassions, I had seen mother sit on the periphery of the group, participating attentively in the general conversation, but not uttering a word. She preferred not to draw attention to herself, and was also afraid to speak in case her words were misunderstood. At home also, mother was a quiet lady, doing her chores, and running her home business of preserves and pickles, in a calm and mild manner. She also cared for my aging grand-mother as best as she could, though grandma took it all for granted. Grandmother expected her daughter-in-law: my mother to do the needful and much more also, like she herself had looked after my grandfather’s mother in her old age. Grandfather had helped her with the domestic work and lightened her du ties, as he was grateful that his mother was being accommodated in their home. But grandmother chose not to remember this fact. Mother ws keen to bring me up to be a fine, young woman whom she could be proud of. In that direction, she would teach me various skills in housekeeping, help me to be regular with my school work, and she expected me to behave well under all circumstances. I had been close to my mother as her only child, and being a girl had needed her presence in all aspects of my life. During my childhood days, I rushed home from school to greet her, and again in the evening after playing with my friends. Our feelings were mutual, and we shared a warm bond between us. I could sense sometimes in mother a requirement for understanding and friendship from my father, who generally maintained his distance from both my mother and myself,

White-Collar Crime Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

White-Collar Crime - Assignment Example The aim of counterfeiting encompasses making profit unfairly off another company’s good reputation. White-collar crimes are not depended upon the application of threat of physical force or violence but involve deception, manipulation, subterfuge, concealment or violation of trust while the other crimes involve threatening the life of an individual directly or causing violence. According to my opinion, white-collar crimes should have face severe punishments than other types of crimes. This is because the result of white-collar crime is increased economic hardship for the normal citizen and consumer. Economic hardship in this case refers to both exploitation and even interferes with a certain state’s currency. Hence, increased cost passes onto the ordinary citizen or consumer in terms of hiked prices and decreased quality of services, for instance, software corporations. Imitating a certain company’s original software or goods, which it produces by these fraudsters mainly tarnishes long earned reputation. This is because consumer may start rating that firms very based on fake components in the market, which criminals have sold out to

A Challenged Personal Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Challenged Personal Decision - Essay Example l stages of work had been challenging yet fulfilling until one of my friends started taking unusual control of the group by seemingly imposing uneven delegation of assignments claiming that the majority of the pupils requested more of his service than those of others in our roster. This conflict eventually called me to respond to a personal challenge of deciding how to balance treatment between friendship and profession. I had thought all along that my own performance was capable of radiating motivation in such a way as to get everyone in the team to operate with interdependence. Then I figured that some people desired the same amount of recognition I was receiving so that the spirit of teamwork would be best acknowledged. Another cause that might have led to indifference and the urge to manipulate was my failure to interact properly, being accustomed to the individualistic approach toward personal growth at the expense of quality relations. Apparently, I occurred to have overlooked the equivalent significance of the contributions made by the rest of the members. By such failure to promote the welfare of others especially their worth in the collective effort, my friends and certain other members had narrowed to thinking that I was conceited. In effect, factions naturally emerged in our group and a friend of three years, as aforementioned, expressed straightforward disagreement on the current setup. T hough seeing that I had successfully proven remarkable skills at carrying out lectures on the subject I knew with mastery, the inability and unconscious reluctance of communicating good intentions with mentoring, however, rendered the other person to suppose that I was merely trying to get an edge over the rest rather than acting on my improved version of using knowledge and skills to meet the needs and satisfaction of the learners.  Ã‚  

Emperor Constantine Essay Example for Free

Emperor Constantine Essay The relationship between the man and religion is centuries old and so is relationship between the man and the God. God in many forms have profoundly been capturing the hearts and souls of humans. In whatever phase of life this world has taken the man into, religion has always predominated the man’s life and so along with it several questions? Since, the Western world’s explorations started way back in14th Century, Christianity also spread, dug its roots in many parts of the world and spread its own interpretations about the Jesus, and his teachings. see more:to be human is to err It is evidently true that now people have ardent belief that Jesus was both human as well as divine and the life of Jesus on this Earth was both of ordinary man as well as supreme but this belief was not always there. It was the period between first and third century; people never tried to ponder on this theological aspect of their so ardent belief. Even Church did not have time to delve and search about this aspect as they were occupied in missionary activities and striving to protect themselves from persecutions. But the time suddenly changed when Emperor Constantine put an ultimate end to persecutions and also gave his moral and financial support to the Church. His support bore fruit and Christians organized themselves. In the year 325 AD at the Council of Nicaea, there was a debate among the Scholars and religious preachers. The debate was on the topic, Was Jesus a human or divine? Arius, both a priest and a preacher from Alexander said that Jesus was a human but was the first to be created by God but his opponents gave a strong argument by saying that if Jesus had been only a common human being like you and me then his death and finally resurrection would never have been so powerful to redeem our sins. If it was Jesus who had to provide salvation to humans then he ought to be divine. The opponents won and their views and ideologues appeared in Nicaean creed, where it is written, Jesus is true God of true God, begotten, not made. (Flesher, 2003) Another debate took place at Ephesus in 431 A. D. and the topic was if Jesus was human as well as divine then how can these both natures be culminated in one? Many Christians from Abtioch in Syria said that Jesus had traits of both divine and human nature but he used it differently. For e. g. If Jesus is God, he performs miracles but when Jesus plays the role of human then he suffers like a human and died. The Christians from Alexandria argued that though these two natures were blended together but these characteristics were not of equal measure. His divine power was more powerful as with his divinity, he had led human kind towards salvation and redemption of sins. His physical and normal human beings traits are not of much importance. These debates did not come into any conclusion. Again the Fourth Council was held at Chalcedon 20 years later, when Bishops thought to resolve the problem by taking middle position and got into belief that Jesus was both human as well as divine and with both these natures blended, gave human beings the path of righteousness. As a human being, he got himself prone to temptation, sins but his divine power overcame his human instinct, and this divinity in him takes the humans on the path of salvation. This formulation became the basis for the Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy, but this belief was not adopted by every one especially Churches of Egypt, Syria, Ethiopia and Armenia. (Flesher, 2003). â€Å"And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us† (ESV. Bible John 1:14). When Jesus was born, he was human being which his closest disciple also said, â€Å"That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have handled, concerning the Word of life—the life was manifested, and we have seen, and bear witness † (1 John 1:1). John established him as a human being when he conveyed that Jesus disciples saw, touched and heard Him. (The Good News Magazine, Online Edition) He also felt hunger, thirst when he went on fast and fatigue too. Geza Vermes in his The Changing Faces of Jesus delve into the different facets of Jesus, taking into consideration the letters of Paul and the Gospel of John. The author said that as soon as the first century came to an end, Christianity forgot about the real Jesus and his messages. â€Å"Jesus, the religious man with an irresistible charismatic charm, was metamorphosed into Jesus the Christ, the transcendent object of the Christian religion. † (Vermes, 2000) In the most polemic tone, Geza Vermes (2000) said that: â€Å"As a historian I consider Jesus, the primitive church and the New Testament as part and parcel of first-century Judaism and seek to read them as such rather than through the eyes of a theologian who may often be conditioned, and subconsciously influenced, by two millennia of Christian belief and church directives. † Vermes consulted Gospel of John, which had endorsed the divine status to Jesus and then moved on to the Pauline letters, the book of acts and the Synoptic Gospels and said that if one goes by Synoptic Gospels, historical and Jewish religious tenor, Jesus is shown as a prophet – a holy man, a charismatic healer and exorcist. He also said that Jesus was a teacher to preach the words of God to the people on this Earth, as the other holy men of Jewish did. He went further to say that Jesus was a Hasid, a holy man from Galilean equivalent to other holy men as Hanina ben Dosa. Jesus always said that he was the son of man and just like other Galileans. Jesus did not indulge in halakhic matters. He even said that Jesus never wanted to form a new religion, as advocated by the Early Christian churches. Even Paul also never considered Jesus as a divine being or as a historical person. For Paul, Jesus is a redeemer of sins. He too said that Jesus was unmarried and no one else except Jesus has left a legacy of his magical words to take the human beings out of their sins towards the path of God and true living.

The Study Habits of Adult College Students Essay Example for Free

The Study Habits of Adult College Students Essay Abstract: The study habits of adult college students over age 25 were compared to a group of younger students at the University of Wisconsin, Green Bay. The younger students were matched with the older groups on four characteristics: sex, major field of study, semester credit load, and class standing. All 56 participants were undergraduate students (sophomores or juniors) who were registered for the fall 1982 term. The participants kept running records of their study habits, patterns, and difficulties for an academic year. In general, older and younger students showed similar patterns in terms of how much they studied, what activities were engaged in while studying, the time distribution, and places for studying. There was some evidence that older students studied slightly more per credit hour than did younger students. While the total numbers of difficulties encountered in studying were about the same for both groups, the character of the difficulties was noticeably different. Both older and younger students reacted very favorably to having a mixture of the age groups in their classes. Recommendations for working with adult students and suggestions for further study are offered. Appendices include interview schedules and a study log form. (Author/SW) INTRODUCTION It is an understatement to say that the standard of education in Nigeria has fallen. However, it has been realized that students who possess adequate mental abilities sometimes do not perform well in their academic work either because they do not know how to study effectively or they do not use the most effective method of studying. Many questions have been raised by teachers, parents and students themselves on why students perform so poorly academically. Even the state government has shown some concern over this in recent times by introducing low costs books for both primary and secondary schools. Although this was meant to create the desire to study by students, it has not helped the situation much because, students do not read these books. Many of the students complained of lack of time and conducive environment for study, others who try to study complained of lack of understanding. There is no doubt that these complains evidently point to one fact. That is, lack of effective study habits. It is this problem, the researcher wishes to investigate as it appears to be one of the root causes of the dwelling standard of our educational system today. Research questions: * What proportion of junior secondary school students possess good study habit than those in senior secondary school? * Will male students in junior secondary schools perform better than female students in senior secondary schools? Hypothesis: The following conjectural statements were postulated for this study: * There is no significant difference in the study habits of junior and senior secondary school students in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. * There is no significant difference in the study habits of male and female students in junior and senior secondary schools in Egor, Local Government Area of Edo State. * There is no significant difference in the academic performance of male students in the junior secondary schools and female students in Senior Secondary Schools. LITERATURE REVIEW Psychologists as welt as layman have attempted some definitions of the word study. To some of them, study means hard work and is usually associated with school work. To others, study is applicable to other situations in life other than academic work. Mace (2002) pointed out that study is a systematic acquisition of knowledge and an understanding of facts and principles that calls for retention and application. Kelly (1998) stated that study is the application of ones mental capacity to the acquisition, understanding and organization of knowledge; it often involves some form of formal learning. Crow and Crow in Okorodudu (2000) explained that study is a program of subject matter mastery. It involves hard work. However, study involves the individuals thinking, feeling, personality, social interaction, physical activities and health rather than men learning of fact on the thought system for the purpose of recall when asked. For those who belong to the school of thought that study is not only applicable to academic work, Olatubosun in Oladele (2000) explained that a teacher is studying when he examines the results of an experiment, a lawyer when he prepares his case, a salesman when he learns about his product and a citizen when he tries to understand the issues in an upcoming election. Studies require time spent in a deliberate attempt to learn. It should be differentiated from simple leisure to reading. Thomas and Robinson (1990) emphasized that the learner needs to use a systematic discipline and purposive approach to study. Effective study consists of a conscious sequential series of inter-related steps and processes. Okorodudu (1995) asserted that, study involves the total of all behavioral patterns (addition, verbal, psychomotor, emotional) determined purpose and enforced practices that the individual adapts in order to learn and achieve competence.

Aggression In Violent Offenders Psychology Essay

Aggression In Violent Offenders Psychology Essay Anger is considered to be an innate emotion within human beings that is associated with positive and negative qualities. Subjectively, anger can range from mild to severe or from mere irritation to rage (Wright, Day, Howells, 2009). Anger can positively act to mobilize psychological resources, facilitate perseverance, protect self-esteem, energize corrective behaviors, and communicate negative sentiments. However, anger also holds the negative potential to cause individuals to act out violently and harm themselves or others (Wright, Day, Howells, 2009). The concept of anger is considered to be multidimensional in that it involves behavioral, cognitive, physiological, and phenomenological variables (Wright, Day, Howells, 2009). Anger results from interactions between four dimensions such as behavioral reactions, external events, physiological arousal, and cognitive processes (Wright, Day, Howells, 2009). The association between anger and distorted perceptions can result in the inability to make appropriate assessments of behaviors, attitudes, and interactions within social contexts (Wright, Day, Howells, 2009). Anger that has significant intensity, duration, and frequency is referred to as clinical anger. This form of anger is described as being a precursor to health and social difficulties (Gardner Moore, 2008). These difficulties can occur interpersonally, occupationally, and legally as well as could impact an individuals physical and mental health (Gardner Moore, 2008). While clinical anger does not have a criterion for diagnosis, it does serve as a contributing factor to various mental disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Furthermore, anger was described as being central to many forms of violence, which makes anger relevant to treating violent offenders (Wright, Day, Howells, 2009). Concept of Aggression Aggression is defined as behaviors that are intended to harm another person or persons (Casas, 2005). Much research addressing aggression has focused on physical acts of aggression but has since begun to expand upon the definition of aggression (Casas, 2005). Purdy and Seklecki (2006) asserted aggression is typically associated with harmful and violent acts, such as assaults and homicides. According to Beaver (2009) career criminals are more likely to use serious violence and physical aggression compared to other offenders. In addition, various aggressive and violent crimes such as robbery, assault, rape, and murder are almost exclusively confined to habitual offenders (Beaver, 2009). Tew, Dixon, Harkins, and Bennett (2012) described aggression in relation to offenders in terms of verbal and physical aggression. Verbal aggression consisted of raising ones voice, shouting, swearing, being abusive, being argumentative, conveying threats, ranting, having an outburst, initiating a confro ntation, and bullying (Tew et al., 2012). Acts such as hitting, smashing up belongings, throwing belongings, slamming doors, hitting tables, or acts that resulted in restraint are considered to be physical acts of aggression (Tew et al., 2012). Similarly, Casas (2005) described various forms of aggression. Aggression can be classified as physical aggression, indirect aggression, social aggression, or relational aggression (Casas, 2005). Casas (2005) description of physical aggression was consistent with how Tew et al. (2012) described physical aggression. Indirect aggression involves covert and harmful behavior in which a victim is not directly confronted by the perpetrator. Social aggression involves harming another individuals self-esteem, social acceptance, or social status (Casas, 2005). Lastly, relational aggression is defined as harming another in terms of damaging a relationship, feelings of acceptance, or group inclusion (Casas, 2005). In general, social and biological factors contribute to aggression (Casas, 2005). Concept of Stress The concept of stress was discussed in relation to psychological symptoms as having two primary processes including emotion regulation and coping (Watson Sinha, 2008). Fifty-percent of the variance in psychological symptoms can be accounted for via stress and coping (Watson Sinha, 2008). In psychology, the stress process encompasses cognition and emotion in which stress can be assessed in relation to an individual or a group (Valdez, 2006). Therefore, forensic psychologists are interested in how individual or group stress impacts offender populations (Valdez, 2006). Valdez (2006) discussed how stress is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a variable response or reaction that involves emotional, physiological, and behavioral coping responses to the appraised stressor (p. 446). Various coping mechanisms can be employed depending on the nature of a situation. Coping mechanisms can be emotion-focused, problem-focused, or avoidance coping (Valdez, 2006). Stress is considered to be reciprocal in that a stres sor and an individual can have an impact on each other. In this regard, coping responses are dependent upon how the stressor is perceived (Valdez, 2006). In considering the offender population, a stressor could potentially elicit a violent or aggressive response if the individual feels threatened or challenged (Valdez, 2006). Relationship among Anger, Stress, and Aggression According to Howells (2004), there is a link between anger and aggressive behavior. However, this link does not mean all anger will result in violence. In this regard, anger and aggression could potentially result in physical violence and can be useful indicators within correctional environments where the potential for violence exists (Tew et al., 2012). In relation to treatment, understanding the relationship between anger and aggression can assist practitioners reduce the risk of violence through effective protocols, treatments, and intervention strategies (Tew et al., 2012). The relationship between anger, stress, and aggression was illuminated within Komarovskaya, Loper, and Warrens (2007) discussion of impulsivity and personality disorders. The multiple diagnostic criteria of psychiatric disorders included the impulsivity construct. This construct is the inability to resist impulses and results in an individual acting in a harmful manner towards other (Komarovskaya, Loper, Warr en, 2007). Impulsivity relates back to anger and aggression in terms of their definitions incorporating the concept of harming others (Casas, 2005; Komarovskaya, Loper, Warren, 2007; Wright, Day, Howells, 2009). Impulsive aggression has various contributing factors including anger. In addition, it is considered to be a reactive or emotionally charged response precipitated by a loss of behavioral control (Komarovskaya, Loper, Warren, 2007). This relates back to stress in terms of potential stressors eliciting violent or aggressive responses (Valdez, 2006). Impulsivity, anger, hostility, and antisocial personality have been identified by various studies as predictors for institutional aggression, violence, and maladjustment (Komarovskaya, Loper, Warren, 2007). Impulsivity demonstrates how anger, aggression, and stress can be concurrently present and how the relationship between the three concepts can facilitate a violent response or reaction (Casas, 2005; Komarovskaya, Loper, Warren, 2007; W right, Day, Howells, 2009). The relationship between the three concepts can also be discussed in terms of treating violent offenders. Practitioners working in various forensic settings need to consider how violent behaviors exhibited by offenders are associated with anger, stress, and aggression (Walden University, n.d.). For instance, if an individual was convicted of an assaultive, abusive, or violent crime the clinician would employ anger and stress management treatment protocols (Walden Univeristy, n.d.). Another example would be the application of mindfulness-based interventions to help alleviate cognitive, affective, and behavioral manifestations of anger within a violent offender (Wright, Day, Howells, 2009). According to Wright, Day, and Howells (2009) study, mindfulness training can be used to reduce pain, anxiety, stress, depressive relapse, and psychosis. The use of cognitive-behavioral anger management therapy is another option available to clinicians for reducing violent behaviors resulting from a nger, aggression, and stress. In a meta-analysis of fifty outcome studies, cognitive-behavioral anger management therapy was found to reduce anger in 75% of the study participants (Beck Fernandez, 1998; Wright, Day, Howells, 2009). Knowledge of the concepts of anger, stress, and aggression in relation to violent offenders is essential for practitioners working with forensic populations (Walden University, n.d.). Application of such knowledge will assist a practitioner with selecting an appropriate treatment strategy for the offender. This relates back the differences in how anger, aggression, and stress can manifest in an individual (Beaver, 2009; Casas, 2005; Gardner Moore, 2008; Purdy Seklecki, 2006; Tew et al., 2012; Valdez, 2006; Watson Sinha, 2008; Wright, Day, Howells, 2009). The overlap and concurrency of anger, aggression, and stress, as well as how each concept manifests within an individual should be accounted for by a clinician when selecting a treatment option for an offender (Beaver, 2009; Casas, 2005; Gardner Moore, 2008; Purdy Seklecki, 2006; Tew et al., 2012; Valdez, 2006; Watson Sinha, 2008; Wright, Day, Howells, 2009). Practitioners can apply their collective knowledge about anger, agg ression, and stress in order to maintain the general safety of all involved within a forensic treatment setting. Furthermore, that knowledge can be employed to assist the practitioner with delivering effective treatment to violent offenders (Walden University, n.d.).