Experimental Case Study On Pond Ash Replacement Engineering Essay

Experimental Case Study On Pond alter tree Repla cement Engineering EssayAbstractThis research studies the potential difference of using Pond change from Deepnagar thermic Power Plant, Bhusawal, Dist. Jalgaon, as a part rehabilitation with sand in plaster howitzer. Pond change tree is r arely used in concrete collectable to its inactive pozzolanic reaction may be used as a fine aggregate in mortar mix used for plastering purpose, improves the quality of plastered shape up in terms of competency and durability. When pocket billiards ash tree was used at a 20% replacement of sand to set out mortar mix, produced higher percentage compressive strength as well as a higher development rate than those of the tralatitious cement sand mortar mix. As a result of the compressive strengths, it was concluded that consortium ash could be used as a good replacement hearty in mortar. It is proposed to perform some field and laboratory experiments on different mix symmetrys of pond ash and plaster sand and to compare the results with traditional plaster mortar. The cubical specimens were tested to determine compressive strength. The Soundness test is performed to know the amount of expansion after the setting clock time. With the help of Davel abrasion test, it is possible to relatively compare the abrasion values of the different proportions of the plaster mortar cubes. In the investigation some field and laboratory experiments on different mix proportions of pond ash and plaster sand are done and the results are compared with traditional cement-sand plaster mortar.Due to Pond Ash replacement, the initial strength gaining process is quite a slow but in later stages it gains very good strength as compare to traditional mortar mixes. Workability of mortar mix is attachd due to addition of pond ash, which will result in the reduced w/c ratio. Change in the volume of hardened mortar is very less(prenominal) due to addition of pond ash, which results less occu rrence of surface cracks.Keywords- Mortar, Pond Ash, Pozzolonic.1. INTRODUCTION1.1 GeneralPond ash is the waste result from most of the caloric power plants in India. The fly ash gets mixed with bottom ash and disposed off in giant pond dykes as slurry. Pond ash contains relatively coarse particles. The huge amount of pond ash accumulated around the thermal power stations is still posing threat to environment. The employ of pond ash as a building material is one of the possible way of its sustainable management. In the present study, an attempt is made to operate the possibility of using the pond ash as a replacement of sand in plaster mortar.Origin of Pond AshPond ash is the waste product from most of thermal power plants in India. The fly ash gets mixed with bottom ash and disposed off in large pond or dykes as slurry. Pond ash contains relatively coarse particles. As Pond ash is be produced at an alarming rate, efforts are inevitable to safely dispose it and if possible fi nd ways of utilizing it.Necessity of Pond Ash ManagementIt is estimated that by the end of tenth planned period an spare 124000 Mega Watt (MW) of power sector expansion will require in India to meet the raising demands of energy. So the quantum of Pond ash generation will append in future. It has warranted the scientific as well as in make cleanrial community to initiates research and development work for finding innovative use and safe organisation of Pond ash so that instead of a waste product, the pond ash can be utilised in large quantities in divers(a) engineering works. The ash produced in thermal power plants can cause all three environmental risks air, surface wet and ground water pollution. mail pollution is caused by direct emissions of toxic gases from the power plants as well as wind blown ash dust from ash ponds. The air borne dust can fall in surface water system or soil and may contaminate the water/soil system. The wet system of governing body in most power p lants causes discharge of particulate of ash directly into the nearby surface water system. 2Sources of Pond Ash in IndiaIn India as coal based Thermal Power Plant has contributes to 75% to the total power generation. The coal reserves of the country is predominately of lower grade of non-cooking and as a result the quantity of ash produced will also increase. The Indian coal on an average has 35% ash and this is one of the prime factors which lead to increase ash production. Hence, ash utilization is a problem for the country. The Indian Thermal power plant uses high ash and inferior quality non-cooking coal. Present Indias Thermal installed capacity to an estimate is 1, 00,000 MW and coal consumption for Thermal power generation required is 300 million MT every year. Use of coal brings legion(predicate) problems, primarily due to huge amount of ash, which is produced by-product of the process of power generation. Out of total ash produced, fly ash contributes to small percentage, majority being pond ash and bottom ash.Environmental ConsiderationThe ash produced in thermal power plants can cause all three environmental risks air, surface water and ground water pollution. Air pollution is caused by direct emissions of toxic gases from the power plants as well as wind blown ash dust from ash ponds. The air borne dust can fall in surface water system or soil and may contaminate the water/soil system. The wet system of disposal in most power plants causes discharge of particulate of ash directly into the nearby surface water system. The ample storage of ash in the ponds under wet condition and humid climate can cause leaching of toxic metals from ash and contaminate the cardinal soil and ultimately the ground water system. Kumar 21.6 Existing Use of Pond AshThe literature available specifically on the use of pond ash is scarce. However in general the fly ash has lot of potential for its sustainable use. The use of fly ash in the construction of road and emban kment has been successfully demonstrated in the country. The Ministry of Surface Transport (MOST) and Central Public Works Department (CPWD) have accepted the use of fly ash and have kill many projects. The fly ash can be utilized in cement concrete and mortar as an ingredient / partial replacement of cement and sand. The replacement of OPC may vary from 15 to 35 % or even higher percentage in mass concrete. BIS 456 5 The pond ash is also utilized in manufacturing of Light Weight Aerated Concrete (LWAC) products such as blocks, panels, reinforced slab, etc, which are much lighter than conventional materials. The bulk density of product ranges from 500kg/cum to 1800kg/cum, depending upon reinforcement. The use of block in housing construction can results nearly40 % reduction in dead weight, 50 % saving in construction time and about 80 % saving in consumption of mortar in comparison to conventional brick work. The fly ash (90-95%) mixed with OPC (5-10%), along with the water make th e flow able fill material termed as Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), which can use in the restricted areas where placing and compaction is very intemperate such as narrow trenches, utilities structure like mines, tunnels, tanks and trenches in road pavement cut. The use of pond ash in mine fill material is one of the possible alternatives to be considered by various agencies. The optimum utilization of pond ash through mine void filling by exalted Concentrated Slurry Disposal (HSDS) system may prove a plausible solution of pond ash management. The use of fly ash in culture applications has been well demonstrated and is gaining momentum in the agriculture sector of country. This is picking up in Karnataka, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh and for wasteland reclamation in Uttar Pradesh. 5Overview of the ProjectIn this investigation partial replacement of sand by pond ash in plaster mortar is attempted. It is possible to use pond ash as fine aggregate without compromising on s trength and durability. This study opens up a major avenue for the utilization of pond ash. Studies are done on pond ash sample from Deep Nagar Thermal Power Plant, Bhusawal, Dist. Jalgaon. The large scale utilization of Pond Ash would be possible and this will force major contributing factor for reducing pollution. Sand, precious natural resources, is becoming scarce and quarrying of this has been restricted in many states in India, this has made to weigh for the possibility for partial replacement of sand by Pond ash. It is proposed to perform some field and laboratory experiments on different mix proportions of pond ash and plaster sand and to compare the results with traditional plaster mortar. The flow diagram in figure-1, shows the detail procedure.Figure 1 Overview of Experimental Programme2. POND alter IN PLASTER MORTAR2.1 Proportioning of MortarThe experimental programme utilizes the ponded ash from DeepNagar Thermal Power Plant and tests were conducted in field as well as in laboratory. The mortar mixes were considered at pond ash replacement percentage of 0, 20, 25, and 30 and with mix proportions of cement pond ash sand and additional proportion of cement fly ash sand. Hand mixing, with volume batching was done. 1, 9Proportion% ReplacementCementPond ash ReplacementsandW/C proportionP-1510.254.751.10P-21010.504.501.10P-31510.754.251.10P-42011.0041.10P-52511.253.751.10P-63011.503.501.10P-701051.10Table 1 Different Proportion of Mortar Mixes2.2 plastering ProcessThe surface to be plastered was cleaned and freed from dust, loose material, oil, grease, mortar dropping, sticking of unlike matter, trace of algae, etc. Raking of joint was carried out along with masonry and checked out thoroughly so as to receive good key. The plaster was provided in dickens coats. Thickness of undercoat was 15mm and balanced in the befriend finishing coat. The second coat was of 10 mm. The under coat was allowed to dry and shrink before applying the second coat of pl aster. After a suitable time interval (After 2 days) the second coat was applied. 7, 8. Figure -2 show different patches of plaster.Figure 2 daubing Process on Brick Wall2.3 Compression TestThe compression test has been carried out on specimens cubical in shape. The cube specimen is of the size 7.07 x 7.07 x 7.07 cm. Three specimen samples for all proportions are prepared. Universal testing railway car (UTM) of 400 kN capacity was used in testing the mixes.Figure 3 Compression Test Sample-Before and After DeformationThe mortar was filled into the mould in three classs approximately. Each layer was compacted by hand. After the top layer compacted, the surface of the mortar was finished with the top mould, using a trowel. The test specimens were submerged in the water for 7 and 28 days.Universal testing machine (UTM) of 400 Kilo in the buffton (kN) capacity was used in testing the mixes. Compression test was carried out for 7 day and 28days strength for the different proposed prop ortions are shown in the Table 2.SNProportionP.A.Replacement7 day Comp. Strength28day Comp. Strength1P-15%3.317.682P-210%4.118.793P-315%4.919.894P-420%5.2711.005P-525%5.8710.926P-630%5.0410.237P-70%2.516.57Table 2. Compression Test Results of Pond Ash Mortar SpecimensFigure given below shows the graph of Percentage Pond Ash Replacement v/s 7 and 28 Days Compressive Strength.Figure 4 Percentage Pond Ash Replacement v/s 7 and 28 Days Compressive Strength.2.4 Soundness Test Using Le-Chateliers ApparatusThe mortar after preparation is liable to fly high after the setting action is complete. It is one of the causes of cracking of plaster mortar. The Soundness test is, therefore, performed to know the amount of expansion after the setting time. 6 Table 3 shows Expansion of the mortar for different proportions.2.5 Davel Abrasion TestThis research work does not deal with the coarse aggregate as the coarse aggregate is not the constituent material for the mortar. But with the help of this test, the abrasion values of the different proportions of the plaster mortar cubes can be relatively compared. The abrasion value refractory should not be more than 16 % for the concrete aggregates. Table 4 gives Davel Abrasion Test Results for different mortar mixes.SNProportions% RepltFinal Exp.(mm)InitialExp.(mm) constitutionalExp.(mm)1P-15131122P-210141133P-315131034P-420141135P-525151236P-630131127P-7015114Figure 5 Soundness Test Using Le-Chateliers ApparatusTable 3 Expansion for different Mortar Mixes.SNProportions% RepltInitial Wt. of Cube(kg)Crush passing thr. sieveAbrn Value1150.7860.1113.7522100.7860.1012.7533150.7960.1012.544200.7860.0941255250.7860.09812.566300.7960.10127700.7850.1215Table 4 Davel Abrasion Test Results3. CONCLUSIONFrom the experimental results on the replacement of Pond Ash as Replacement with Sand in Plaster Mortar, the conclusions can be drawn as, the use of Pond Ash as part replacement for sand in plaster mortar gives higher compressive strength than traditional mortar mixes. Part replacement with 20 % Pond Ash in mortar, gives higher compressive strength then the other percentage replacements (0%,5%, 10%, 15%, 25% 30%), when tested for 28 days compressive strength. Due to Pond Ash replacement, the initial strength gaining process is quite slow but in later stages it gains very good strength as compare to traditional mortar mixes.The problem of disposing pond ash can is reduced by utilizing it in large quantity in various engineering work. In the present study, the possibility of using a locally available fine grained pond ash as a replacement of sand in plaster mortar has been tested and analyzed. This study opens up a major avenue for the utilization of pond ash. The large scale utilization of Pond Ash would be possible and this will become major contributing factor for reducing pollution.4. REFRENCES1 A.M. Pandey, L.M. Gupta, Proportions of concrete ingredients and their entailment in compressive strength Indian Concrete ledger, Vol.81, June 2007, pp.15-272 Kumar (2004), Dr Virender Kumar Compaction and Permeability Study of Pond Ash Amended with Locally Available Soil and Hardening Agent. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India), Vol.85, May2004, pp 31-35.3 Chai Cheerarot (2003), Chai Jaturapitakkul and Raungrut Cheerarot. Development of Bottom Ash as Pozzolanic Material. Journal of Material in Civil Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 1, January/February 2003, pp.48-534 S.K.Sekar, P.Devdas, U.John, Performance of Fly ash Concrete, New building Material and Construction World, Volume-81, No.06, July-2003, pp.46.5 FAUP (2005), Fly Ash Utilization ProgrammeFly Ash Management in India An Integrated Approach , Proceeding of Fly Ash, India-2005, International Congress, Dec. 2005, Convention Hall, Hotel Ashok, New Delhi, India.6 BIS 383 (1970), Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregate from natural Sources for Concrete (Second Revision), office staff of Indian Standards. Manak Bhavan, 9, Bahadur Shah Z afar Marg IN-New Delhi 110002.7 BIS 1661 (1972), Code of Practice for Application of Cement and Cement Plaster Finishes, Bureau of Indian Standards. Manak Bhavan, 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg IN-New Delhi 110002.8 BIS 2402 (1963), Code of Practice for External Rendered Finishes, Bureau of Indian Standards. 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